TEAS SCIENCE 7 (Answered)
Macromolecules are
polymers joined together by covalent bonds between monomeric units.
Macromolecules
large complex molecules with a large molecular weight.
Macromolecules
Function as food groups and the digestion process breaks down the bonds between
monomers by hydrolysis.
Macromolecules
4 Basic Organic Compounds: [Produced by Anabolic Reactions] Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides), Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Lipids.
Macromolecules
4 Basic Building Blocks: [Involved in Catabolic Reactions] Monosaccharides
(glucose), Amino Acids, Fatty Acids (glycerol=alcohol), and Nucleotides.
Macromolecules
Combine using simple dehydration reactions with other similar molecules to make
biological polymers.
Anabolic Reaction
Builds larger and more complex molecules (macromolecules) from small ones.
Require Energy
Catabolic Reaction
Larger molecules are broken down into small, simpler molecules.
Release energy
Endothermic Reaction
Chemical reactions that absorb heat
Endothermic Reaction
covalent Bonds made by endothermic removal of a water polymer [dehydration or
condensation synthesis]
Exothermic Reaction
Chemical reactions that release heat
Carbohydrate
Primary source of energy and are Responsible for providing energy as they can
be easily converted to glucose.
Glucose
Can be further broken down by respiration or fermentation by glycosis
Glucose
Involved in the metabolic energy cycles of Photosynthesis and Respiration
Monosaccharides
Glucose, frutose, and sucrose
Monosaccharides
CH2O : One carbon for every water molecule
Monosaccharides
, Simple sugars can be grouped into monosaccharides and disaccharides (Two
monosaccharides joined together)
Monosaccharides
Have one monomer of sugar and disaccharides has two
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides: Have longer stretches of linked monosaccharides and
polysaccharides; can be linearor branched.
Carbohydrate
Functions: Structural (Celllulose, Chitin), Energy Storage (Amylose, Amylopectin, and
Glycogen), and Recognition Molecules (Glycoproteins, Glycolipids)
Carbohydrate
Monomer: General General Formula CnH2nOn n is typically 3, 4, 5, or carbons long.
Carbohydrate
Making triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate
Oxidation of Carbs:Provides the cells with most of their energy.
Carbohydrate
Usually take the form of CH2O as they are made of carbon, 2 hydrogen, oxygen
Carbohydrate
Broken down into sugars or glucose
Dehydration or condensation synthesis
Covalent bonds between monomeric units that are made by endergonic removal of
watermolecules.
Hydrolysis
when polymers are broken down which breaks the covalent bonds, using H2O, which
breaks the bond and releases monomers and energy.
Hydrolysis of ATP
Water is added. -H is added to one of the smaller molecules and OH is added to
another molecule being formed.
Hydrolysis
Reaction in water is broken down into Hydrogen Cations (H or H+) and Hydroxide
Anions (OH or OH-).
Partial Hydrolysis
Involved in Amine Group and a Carboxylic Acid.
Partial Hydrolysis
Amino Acids are formed by partial hydrolysis of protein, which forms an amide bond.
Partial Hydrolysis
In Carbon Chain of amino acids there are Groups:
*-Caroxylic Acid Group (-COOH)
-Amine Group (-NH2)
-Central Carbon Atom between them with an attached hydrogen
-Attached "R" Group (Side Chain), different for different amino acids.
~"R" Group that determines the properties of the protein.
Enzymes
Proteins with strong catalytic power
Enzymes
Macromolecules are
polymers joined together by covalent bonds between monomeric units.
Macromolecules
large complex molecules with a large molecular weight.
Macromolecules
Function as food groups and the digestion process breaks down the bonds between
monomers by hydrolysis.
Macromolecules
4 Basic Organic Compounds: [Produced by Anabolic Reactions] Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides), Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Lipids.
Macromolecules
4 Basic Building Blocks: [Involved in Catabolic Reactions] Monosaccharides
(glucose), Amino Acids, Fatty Acids (glycerol=alcohol), and Nucleotides.
Macromolecules
Combine using simple dehydration reactions with other similar molecules to make
biological polymers.
Anabolic Reaction
Builds larger and more complex molecules (macromolecules) from small ones.
Require Energy
Catabolic Reaction
Larger molecules are broken down into small, simpler molecules.
Release energy
Endothermic Reaction
Chemical reactions that absorb heat
Endothermic Reaction
covalent Bonds made by endothermic removal of a water polymer [dehydration or
condensation synthesis]
Exothermic Reaction
Chemical reactions that release heat
Carbohydrate
Primary source of energy and are Responsible for providing energy as they can
be easily converted to glucose.
Glucose
Can be further broken down by respiration or fermentation by glycosis
Glucose
Involved in the metabolic energy cycles of Photosynthesis and Respiration
Monosaccharides
Glucose, frutose, and sucrose
Monosaccharides
CH2O : One carbon for every water molecule
Monosaccharides
, Simple sugars can be grouped into monosaccharides and disaccharides (Two
monosaccharides joined together)
Monosaccharides
Have one monomer of sugar and disaccharides has two
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides: Have longer stretches of linked monosaccharides and
polysaccharides; can be linearor branched.
Carbohydrate
Functions: Structural (Celllulose, Chitin), Energy Storage (Amylose, Amylopectin, and
Glycogen), and Recognition Molecules (Glycoproteins, Glycolipids)
Carbohydrate
Monomer: General General Formula CnH2nOn n is typically 3, 4, 5, or carbons long.
Carbohydrate
Making triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate
Oxidation of Carbs:Provides the cells with most of their energy.
Carbohydrate
Usually take the form of CH2O as they are made of carbon, 2 hydrogen, oxygen
Carbohydrate
Broken down into sugars or glucose
Dehydration or condensation synthesis
Covalent bonds between monomeric units that are made by endergonic removal of
watermolecules.
Hydrolysis
when polymers are broken down which breaks the covalent bonds, using H2O, which
breaks the bond and releases monomers and energy.
Hydrolysis of ATP
Water is added. -H is added to one of the smaller molecules and OH is added to
another molecule being formed.
Hydrolysis
Reaction in water is broken down into Hydrogen Cations (H or H+) and Hydroxide
Anions (OH or OH-).
Partial Hydrolysis
Involved in Amine Group and a Carboxylic Acid.
Partial Hydrolysis
Amino Acids are formed by partial hydrolysis of protein, which forms an amide bond.
Partial Hydrolysis
In Carbon Chain of amino acids there are Groups:
*-Caroxylic Acid Group (-COOH)
-Amine Group (-NH2)
-Central Carbon Atom between them with an attached hydrogen
-Attached "R" Group (Side Chain), different for different amino acids.
~"R" Group that determines the properties of the protein.
Enzymes
Proteins with strong catalytic power
Enzymes
