WGU C180 Intro to Psychology Study
Guide.Complete with Questions and
Answers 2023
empirical study - ANSWER Results of verifiable evidence from a systematic
collection and analysis of data that has been objectively observed,
measured, and undergone experimentation.
Basic research - ANSWER research that answers fundamental questions
about behavior.
Applied research - ANSWER research that investigates issues that have
implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems.
Basic research - ANSWER Expands knowledge on an area of research interest
but does not seek to promote change in behavior or mental state.
Empirical Research - ANSWER Collects and analyzes data on areas of
research interest using scientific measures to gain knowledge for
knowledge's sake or to promote changes in behavior or mental states.
Applied Research - ANSWER Applies research findings towards well-being,
e.g. change in behavior or mental state.
Mentalism - ANSWER type of performing art in which the performer appears
to read the mind of another. Such powers may seem to be the result of
psychic or paranormal practices, but in reality is the result of a combination
of suggestion, misdirection, and psychology.
Hypnosis - ANSWER a therapeutic technique employed by some clinicians to
facilitate increased suggestibility and dissociated experiences.
Consciousness - ANSWER our subjective awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
dualism - ANSWER the mind (or soul) and the body are separate entities
monism - ANSWER consciousness and the mind are biologically based and
exist within the brain
cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER looks to correlate brain activity to behavior
through the use of functional brain imaging
, negative emotional reactions - ANSWER occur when we are not living up to
our anticipated goals or expectations or when we believe that other people
perceive us negatively
maladaptive behaviors - ANSWER use of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs,
to escape from consciousness
Developmental psychology - ANSWER the physiological, behavioral,
cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout human life, which are
guided by both genetic predispositions (nature) and environmental
influences (nurture).
Birth to 18 months - ANSWER Trust versus mistrust. The child develops a
feeling of trust in his or her caregivers.
18 months to 3 years - ANSWER Autonomy versus shame/doubt. The child
learns what he or she can and cannot control and develops a sense of free
will.
3 to 6 years - ANSWER Initiative versus guilt. The child learns to be
independent by exploring, manipulating, and taking action.
6 to 12 years - ANSWER Industry versus inferiority. The child learns to do
things well or correctly according to standards set by others, particularly in
school.
12 to 18 years - ANSWER Identity versus role confusion. The adolescent
develops a well-defined and positive sense of self in relationship to others.
19 to 40 years - ANSWER Intimacy versus isolation. The person develops the
ability to give and receive love and to make long-term commitments.
40 to 65 years - ANSWER Generativity versus stagnation. The person
develops an interest in guiding the development of the next generation,
often by becoming a parent.
65 to death - ANSWER Ego integrity versus despair. The person develops
acceptance of his or her life as it was lived.
schemas - ANSWER patterns of knowledge in long-term memory—that help
them remember, organize, and respond to information.
Classical conditioning - ANSWER learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus
(e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally
produces a specific behavior. (Pavlov)
Guide.Complete with Questions and
Answers 2023
empirical study - ANSWER Results of verifiable evidence from a systematic
collection and analysis of data that has been objectively observed,
measured, and undergone experimentation.
Basic research - ANSWER research that answers fundamental questions
about behavior.
Applied research - ANSWER research that investigates issues that have
implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems.
Basic research - ANSWER Expands knowledge on an area of research interest
but does not seek to promote change in behavior or mental state.
Empirical Research - ANSWER Collects and analyzes data on areas of
research interest using scientific measures to gain knowledge for
knowledge's sake or to promote changes in behavior or mental states.
Applied Research - ANSWER Applies research findings towards well-being,
e.g. change in behavior or mental state.
Mentalism - ANSWER type of performing art in which the performer appears
to read the mind of another. Such powers may seem to be the result of
psychic or paranormal practices, but in reality is the result of a combination
of suggestion, misdirection, and psychology.
Hypnosis - ANSWER a therapeutic technique employed by some clinicians to
facilitate increased suggestibility and dissociated experiences.
Consciousness - ANSWER our subjective awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
dualism - ANSWER the mind (or soul) and the body are separate entities
monism - ANSWER consciousness and the mind are biologically based and
exist within the brain
cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER looks to correlate brain activity to behavior
through the use of functional brain imaging
, negative emotional reactions - ANSWER occur when we are not living up to
our anticipated goals or expectations or when we believe that other people
perceive us negatively
maladaptive behaviors - ANSWER use of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs,
to escape from consciousness
Developmental psychology - ANSWER the physiological, behavioral,
cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout human life, which are
guided by both genetic predispositions (nature) and environmental
influences (nurture).
Birth to 18 months - ANSWER Trust versus mistrust. The child develops a
feeling of trust in his or her caregivers.
18 months to 3 years - ANSWER Autonomy versus shame/doubt. The child
learns what he or she can and cannot control and develops a sense of free
will.
3 to 6 years - ANSWER Initiative versus guilt. The child learns to be
independent by exploring, manipulating, and taking action.
6 to 12 years - ANSWER Industry versus inferiority. The child learns to do
things well or correctly according to standards set by others, particularly in
school.
12 to 18 years - ANSWER Identity versus role confusion. The adolescent
develops a well-defined and positive sense of self in relationship to others.
19 to 40 years - ANSWER Intimacy versus isolation. The person develops the
ability to give and receive love and to make long-term commitments.
40 to 65 years - ANSWER Generativity versus stagnation. The person
develops an interest in guiding the development of the next generation,
often by becoming a parent.
65 to death - ANSWER Ego integrity versus despair. The person develops
acceptance of his or her life as it was lived.
schemas - ANSWER patterns of knowledge in long-term memory—that help
them remember, organize, and respond to information.
Classical conditioning - ANSWER learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus
(e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally
produces a specific behavior. (Pavlov)
