ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2023

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2023. How can such a weak bond like hydrogen bond work to make DNA such a stable molecule? - ANSWER hydrogen bonds bond DNA into its double-helix structure by holding together the base pairs in the middle; they cause molecules to fold and coil into precise threedimensional shapes which elements are found in organic molecules? - ANSWER carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen acid - ANSWER proton donor base - ANSWER proton acceptor normal pH of blood - ANSWER 7.35-7.45 pH - ANSWER a figure that expresses the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (scale: 1-13) 7= below 7= above 7= - ANSWER neutral, acidic, basic (alkaline) Bile Acids - ANSWER steroids that aid in fat digestion and nutrient absorption cholesterol - ANSWER component of cell membranes; precursor of other steroids eicosanoids - ANSWER chemical messengers between cells Fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER involved in a variety of functions including blood clotting, wound healing, vision, and calcium absorption (A,D,E, and K) fatty acids - ANSWER precursor of triglycerides; source of energy phospholipids - ANSWER major component of cell membranes; aid in fat digestion steroid hormones - ANSWER chemical messengers between cells triglycerides - ANSWER energy storage; thermal insulation; filling space; binding organs together; cushioning organs What lipids do you need to be worried about when talking about. heart health? - ANSWER LDL, Total Cholesterol, and Triglyceride level DNA vs RN - ANSWER DNA: contains the sugar deoxyribose RNA: contains the sugar ribose DNA: continues thymine RNA: has the nucleobase uracil 4 levels of protein organization - ANSWER 1. primary structure 2. secondary structure 3. tertiary structure 4. quaternary structure primary structure - ANSWER sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds secondary structure - ANSWER alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding tertiary structure - ANSWER folding and coiling due to interactions among R groups and between R groups and surrounding water quaternary structure - ANSWER association of two or more polypeptide chains with each other Lipid Bilayer - ANSWER made of two layers of lipid molecules; flat sheets that form continuous barrier around all cells Denaturation - ANSWER makes a protein unable to perform its normal function; ex: extreme heat or pH Nucleic Acids - ANSWER they carry the genetic blue print of a cell and carry instructions for functioning of the cell : THEY ALSO ARE AN ENERGY SOURCE DNA - ANSWER genetic material found in all living organisms never leaves the nucleus RNA - ANSWER communicates DNA information mostly involved with protein synthesis Matter - ANSWER something that occupies space Elements - ANSWER the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom isotope - ANSWER differ from one another only in the number of NEUTRONS and therefor in atomic mass Ion - ANSWER are charged particles with UNEQUAL numbers of protons and electrons molecule - ANSWER are chemical particles composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond