Applied research design all together
Quantitative research Qualitative research
Questionnaire; survey; poll Interview; observation; case-study
Comparing responses for all Extension and depth of a
respondents and subgroups phenomenon
How many people think that? Context
Missing mechanisms and context What do people think? Why do
Testing theory and hypothesis people think that?
(deductive) Does not quantify
Concept: a term, researchers roughly agree what they mean. Define what you mean by the
terms in the paper. I.e., ‘work safety’ as concept, define what your definition is.
Three types of theory:
1. Descriptive theory: answers questions of what, how and where
2. Causal (explanatory) theory: a theory stating that changes in variable X causes
changes in variable Y
3. Normative theory: states what is right or wrong, desirable, or undesirable; should be
tested by research
Empirical research (argument): working with actual real-world data and facts; no
abstractions; exploration; description; explanation; expand existing knowledge
Theoretical argument: general principles of how things work; without reference to a
concrete case; develop a new theory; test an existing theory; reject a theory
Types of research purpose:
1. Research question: open question that presupposes a narrative answer
2. Hypothesis: narrow testable thesis about the influence of variable X on variable Y
(research aim: to confirm or reject the hypothesis)
3. Research aim: a statement about what the study aims to achieve that is neither a
research question nor a hypothesis
Structure of a scientific text: Structure of an applied scientific text
Title Title
Introduction Introduction
Theoretical part Theoretical part
Methodology Methodology
Results Results (empirical part)
Conclusion Conclusion
References Recommendations
References
MAPP: a plan for reading
Mark: mark the answers to your questions
About: topic, what is the reading about?
Quantitative research Qualitative research
Questionnaire; survey; poll Interview; observation; case-study
Comparing responses for all Extension and depth of a
respondents and subgroups phenomenon
How many people think that? Context
Missing mechanisms and context What do people think? Why do
Testing theory and hypothesis people think that?
(deductive) Does not quantify
Concept: a term, researchers roughly agree what they mean. Define what you mean by the
terms in the paper. I.e., ‘work safety’ as concept, define what your definition is.
Three types of theory:
1. Descriptive theory: answers questions of what, how and where
2. Causal (explanatory) theory: a theory stating that changes in variable X causes
changes in variable Y
3. Normative theory: states what is right or wrong, desirable, or undesirable; should be
tested by research
Empirical research (argument): working with actual real-world data and facts; no
abstractions; exploration; description; explanation; expand existing knowledge
Theoretical argument: general principles of how things work; without reference to a
concrete case; develop a new theory; test an existing theory; reject a theory
Types of research purpose:
1. Research question: open question that presupposes a narrative answer
2. Hypothesis: narrow testable thesis about the influence of variable X on variable Y
(research aim: to confirm or reject the hypothesis)
3. Research aim: a statement about what the study aims to achieve that is neither a
research question nor a hypothesis
Structure of a scientific text: Structure of an applied scientific text
Title Title
Introduction Introduction
Theoretical part Theoretical part
Methodology Methodology
Results Results (empirical part)
Conclusion Conclusion
References Recommendations
References
MAPP: a plan for reading
Mark: mark the answers to your questions
About: topic, what is the reading about?
