Carman Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 3rd Ed - Ch. 4 Growth and Development of the Toddler Test Bank Complete Answers

Carman Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 3rd Ed - Ch. 4 Growth and Development of the Toddler Test Bank Complete Answers The parents of an overweight 2-year-old boy admit that their child is a bit "chubby," but argue that he is a picky eater who will eat only junk food. Which response by the nurse is best to facilitate a healthier diet? a. "You may have to serve a new food 10 or more times." b. "Serve only healthy foods. He'll eat when he's hungry." c. "Give him more healthy choices with less junk food available." d. "Calorie requirements for toddlers are less than infants." Ans- Answer: c Suggesting that the parents transition the child to a healthier diet by serving him more healthy choices along with smaller portions of junk food will reassure them that they are not starving their child. The parents would have less success with an abrupt change to healthy foods. Explaining calorie requirements and the time line for acceptance of a new food do not offer a practical reason for making a change in diet. The nurse is observing a 36-month-old boy during a well-visit. Which motor skill has he most recently acquired? a. Undress himself b. Push a toy lawnmower c. Kick a ball d. Pull a toy while walking Ans- Answer: a This child has most recently acquired the ability to undress himself. Pushing a toy lawnmower and kicking a ball are things he learned at about 24 months. He was able to pull a toy while walking at about 18 months. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18-month-old girl. Which recommendation should be the most helpful to the parents? a. Giving the child time out for 1 ½ minute b. Ignoring bad behavior and praising good behavior c. Slapping her hand using one or two fingers d. Describing proper behavior when she misbehaves Ans- Answer: d Stopping the child when she is misbehaving and describing proper behavior sets limits and models good behavior and will be the most helpful advice to the parents. The child is too young to use time out or extinction as discipline. Slapping her hand, even done carefully with two fingers, is corporal punishment, which has been found to have negative effects on child development. The nurse is teaching a first-time mother with a 14-month-old boy about child safety. Which is the most effective overall safety information to provide guidance for the mother? a. "Place a gate at the top of each stairway." b. "Never let him out of your sight when outdoors." c. "Put chemicals in a locked cabinet." d. "Don't smoke in the house or car." Ans- Answer: b Because they are curious and mobile, toddlers require direct observation and cannot be trusted to be left alone, especially when outdoors. The priority guidance is to never let the child be out of sight. Gating stairways, locking up chemicals, and not smoking around the child are excellent, but specific, safety interventions. The parents of a 2-year-old girl are concerned with her behavior. For which behavior would the nurse share their concern? a. Refuses to share toys with her sister b. Frequently babbles to herself when playing c. Likes to change toys frequently d. Plays by herself even when other children are present Ans- Answer: b The nurse would be concerned if the child is babbling to herself rather than using real words. By this age, she should be using simple sentences with a vocabulary of 50 words. Being unwilling to share toys, playing parallel with other children, and moving to different toys frequently are typical toddler behaviors. The nurse is discussing sensory development with the mother of a 2-year-old boy. Which parental comment suggests the child may have a sensory problem? a. "He wasn't bothered by the paint smell." b. "He was licking the dishwashing soap." c. "He doesn't respond if I wave to him." d. "I dropped a pan behind him and he cried." Ans- Answer: c The fact that the child does not respond when the mother waves to him suggests he may have a vision problem. The toddler's sense of smell is still developing, so he may not be affected by odors. Their sense of taste is not well developed either, and this allows him to eat or drink poisons without concern. The child's crying at a sudden noise assures the nurse that his hearing is adequate. The nurse is assessing the language development of a 3-year-old girl. Which finding would suggest a problem? a. Makes simple conversation b. Tells the nurse she saw Na-Na today c. Speaks in 2- to 3-word sentences d. Tells the nurse her name Ans- Answer: c If the child is still speaking telegraphically in only two- to three-word sentences, it suggests there is a language development problem. If the child makes simple conversation, tells about something that happened in the past, or tells the nurse her name she is meetin