Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Popular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in
1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before
they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs - Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs - Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization, Transcendence
Maslow's Physiological Need - Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need - Protection from the elements, law and order, financial security, and
freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships,
intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need - Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need - Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need - Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty and balance.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need - Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's
personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need - Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-
actualization.
Arnold Gesell - First theorist to observe and document stages of physical development.
, Gesell's Maturational Theory - Child's growth & development are influenced by both their
environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy - The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months.
Dozens of motor skills are added.
Early Childhood - The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old. Improvements occur in both
fine and gross motor skills.
Middle Childhood - The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but steady gains in
weight and height.
Adolescence - The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and height increase
rapidly and puberty begins.
Jean Piaget - Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive Development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - Theory that suggests children move through four
different stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and
Formal Operational.
Sensorimotor Stage - Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and toddlers acquire
knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects.
Object Permanence - The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be
seen. Major development of sensorimotor stage.
Preoperational Stage - Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn through pretend play.
Egocentric and struggle to see others perspective.
1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea - Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before
they can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs - Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs - Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization, Transcendence
Maslow's Physiological Need - Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need - Protection from the elements, law and order, financial security, and
freedom from fear.
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need - Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships,
intimacy, being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need - Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need - Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need - Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty and balance.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need - Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's
personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need - Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-
actualization.
Arnold Gesell - First theorist to observe and document stages of physical development.
, Gesell's Maturational Theory - Child's growth & development are influenced by both their
environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy - The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts between 18 and 24 months.
Dozens of motor skills are added.
Early Childhood - The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old. Improvements occur in both
fine and gross motor skills.
Middle Childhood - The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but steady gains in
weight and height.
Adolescence - The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and height increase
rapidly and puberty begins.
Jean Piaget - Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive Development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - Theory that suggests children move through four
different stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and
Formal Operational.
Sensorimotor Stage - Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and toddlers acquire
knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects.
Object Permanence - The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be
seen. Major development of sensorimotor stage.
Preoperational Stage - Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn through pretend play.
Egocentric and struggle to see others perspective.
