University of Missouri - MPP 3202 Exam 4

MPP 3202 Exam 4, May, 2016 There are 40 total questions. Choose the single best answer for each question. 1. MAJOR functions of the kidneys include a. Secretion of ADH b. Filtration of urine into Bowman’s Space c. Regulation of extracellular fluid composition and volume d. Excretion of excess CCK and secretin 2. The glomerulus of every nephron a. Is dispensible (unnecessary) for renal function b. Is located in the renal cortex c. Is responsible for reabsorbing most of the water d. Is the final point in the nephron before renal filtrate becomes urine 3. Severe blood loss or dehydration producing in a drop in renal blood flow results in and . a. Decreased GFR, activation of the renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system b. Decreased GFR, activation of ANP release c. Increased GFR, decreased water reabsorption d. No change in GFR, reversal of flow through the Loop of Henle 4. For any solute entering the glomerular capillary bed, the amount of it that ends up being excreted in urine is equal to a. The amount filtered plus the amount reabsorbed minus the amount secreted b. The amount filtered minus the amount secreted plus the amount reabsorbed c. The amount filtered minus the amount reabsorbed plus the amount secreted d. The amount filtered minus the mount reabsorbed minus the amount secreted 5. Glomerular filtration normally produces a filtrate that is a. Similar in composition to urine, except with more blood cells present b. Similar in composition to plasma, except with little or no protein c. Little different from what will eventually become urine d. So high in water that reabsorption of water via active transport is the only way to prevent dehydration 6. Tubuloglomerular feedback is a. The major determinant of whether protein is restricted from glomerular filtration b. Relatively unimportant for control of glomerular filtration c. A result of renin release d. Is a negative feedback mechanism serving as the major means of autoregulatory control of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate 7. Renal clearance of glucose is measured in a patient in the clinic The relevant data are: Glucose concentration in plasma = 2000 mg/L Glucose concentration in urine = 1000 mg/L Urine volume (2 hr) = 2 L = 2L/2hr = 1L/hr What is the clearance of glucose, and what does this suggest about this patient? a. 0.5 L/hr, this patient is normal b. 0.5 mg/hr, this patient is in heart failure c. 0.5 L/hr, this patient may have diabetes d. 2 L/hr, this patient pees way too much 8. Most of the water and sodium that are filtered at the glomerulus are a. Also secreted in the Loop of Henle b. Reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule c. Reabsorbed in the thick limb of the ascending Loop of Henle d. Reabsorbed in response to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 9. Biff eats an entire cup of table salt, with no water. What is the result of this stunt? a. Biff’s ADH levels fall to almost nothing and he urinates excessive amounts of water b. Biff’s ADH levels increase and his urine is highly concentrated with respect to sodium c. Biff’s ADH levels increase, but he excretes a high volume, dilute urine d. Biff gets a call from Johnny Knoxville offering a spot in the next Jackass movie. 10. The main site of action of ADH is a. The hypothalamus b. The posterior pituitary c. The distal convoluted tubule d. The medullary collecting duct 11. In response to blood loss, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system results in a. Excretion of a dilute urine b. Reabsorption of sodium, water, and potassium c. Reabsorption of sodium and water, and excretion of potassium d. A decrease in thirst 12. Under normal conditions, most H+ secreted into the proximal tubules a. Combines with filtered phosphate buffer and is excreted b. Combines with filtered bicarbonate (HCO3-), thus promoting excretion of carbonic acid (H2CO3) c. Combines with filtered bicarbonate, thus allowing net bicarbonate reabsorption via CO2 d. Combines with potassium (K+) to form potassium hydride (KH) which kills bacteria, thus preventing bladder infections 13. Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients depends on a. Physical grinding by the espohagus until the pieces are small enough to be absorbed b. The combination of physical grinding and mixing of food particles and liberation of nutrients through enzymatic action c. Secretion of digestive enzymes from the liver and gallbladder d. Neural stimulation of enzyme action by the enteric nervous system 14. The stomach performs all of the following functions EXCEPT a. Digestion and absorption of most of a meal b. Both storage and physical grinding down of food c. Secretion of digestive juice including acid and proteolytic enzyme d. Emptying of chyme into the small intestine 15. What is the function of the microvillus (brush border)-located enzyme, enteropeptidase (aka enterokinase)? a. Breakdown of the disaccharide, maltase, into two molecules of glucose b. Digestion of fat (triglyceride) into free fatty acids + monoglyceride c. Activation of luminal cholecystokinin (CCK) d. Activation of pancreatic enzymes after they enter the duodenum 16. Glucose is absorbed