Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 University of British Columbia PHIL 120 (Questions and Answers)

Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 User Shu Kai Yan Course 2015WC­PHIL120­99C­Introduction to Critical Thinking­99C Jan 2016 Test Quiz 1 Started 1/9/16 8:37 PM Submitted 1/9/16 9:36 PM Due Date 1/11/16 11:59 PM Status Completed Attempt Score 26 out of 30 points Time Elapsed 58 minutes out of 1 hour Instructions General Instructions: Quiz 1 consists of 15 questions. You are given 1 (one) hour to complete it. Questions 1-5: For each of the given passages, identify the premises and the conclusion(s) of the argument contained in them, place the argument in standard form, and then match it with one of the standard forms provided. When placing arguments in standard form, remember that the argument may have some internal logical structure (i.e., it may be compound), i.e., it may consist of several subarguments, when a conclusion of some subargument is fed into another subargument as a premise. In such a case make sure you show all the internal logical structure (i.e., all subarguments). In each case also make sure you eliminate all unnecessary or redundant words/phrases that do not do any logical work, and so are not part of the argument. Questions 6-15: For these questions you first need to determine whether each of the following passages contains an Ad Baculum argument and/or Ad Hominem argument. If yes, you need to further determine whether it involves a corresponding fallacy. Answer Y (Yes) or N (No) in the corresponding blanks. NOTE: Remember that each of Ad Baculum and Ad Hominem arguments can be either non-fallacious or fallacious; it is the latter case when we call a corresponding argument, e.g., an Ad Baculum argument, an Ad Baculum fallacy. IMPORTANT: Please note that the quiz must be finished and submitted before the corresponding deadline as in the schedule, not just started - once the deadline is reached, the system will automatically stop the quiz and you will no longer be allowed to continue with the My Connect Courses Library Resources Content Collection Shu Kai Yan 27 4/28/2016 Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 – 2015WC-PHIL120-... quiz (so you might lose your points for the quiz). Also, when you are done, make sure you press the Submit button ­ unless you do so, the quiz may not automatically be submitted to the system (and you risk losing all the points for this quiz)! If, while taking the Quiz, you experience any technical problems which prevent you from completing the Quiz, you must immediately report your issue to the IT­people responsible for the technical issues (not the instructor!) by following the "DL Help Desk" link on the main course menu. The Help Desk people monitor and record the current situation and they will then send their report to me, the instructor, with all the relevant information. If not reported to the DL Help Desk, I, the instructor, will not be able to verify any issues with the Quiz, and, as such, will not be able to change your grade or give you any other attempt to finish the quiz. Results Displayed All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback, Incorrectly Answered Questions Question 1 Given the passage below, place the argument contained in it in standard form, and then match it with one of the standard forms provided below. Similar effects typically have similar causes. An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Therefore, since the Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism, the cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer, albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe. Selected Answer: a. Standard Form: Premise: An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Premise: Similar effects typically have similar causes. (Intermediate) Conclusion: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). Premise: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer (albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). (Major) Conclusion: The Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism. Answers: a. Standard Form: Premise: An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Premise: Similar effects typically have similar causes. (Intermediate) Conclusion: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). Premise: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer (albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). (Major) Conclusion: The Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism. b. 0 out of 2 points 4/28/2016 Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 – 2015WC-PHIL120-... Standard Form: Premise: An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Premise: The Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism. Premise: Similar effects typically have similar causes. Conclusion: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer (albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). c. Standard Form: Premise: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer (albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). Premise: The Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism. Premise: An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Conclusion: Similar effects typically have similar causes. d. Standard Form: Premise: The cause of the Universe is probably also an intelligent designer (albeit one great enough to design the whole Universe). Premise: The Universe is similar in form and its intricate operation to an intelligently designed mechanism. Premise: Similar effects typically have similar causes. Conclusion: An intelligent designer is usually found to be the cause of an orderly mechanism such as a watch. Question 2 Given the passage below, place the argument contained in it in standard form, and then match it with one of the standard forms provided below. Differences in income and wealth between people are not due solely to luck; they are due to a combination of luck and choice. Nobody deserves something if it is due solely to luck that they have it, but someone might deserve something if he/she recognized a chance opportunity, acted on it, and then worked hard, made smart choices, and produced something of value through a combination of both chances and choice without violating anyone’s rights in the process. By its nature, life for contingent, situated beings such as we are is almost a combination of choice and chance, luck and meritorious effort. Thus, it is not true that all differences in income and wealth are undeserved; some are deserved on the basis of choices made. Selected Answer: d. 2 out of 2 points 4/28/2016 Review Test Submission: Quiz 1 – 2015WC-PHIL120-... Premise: By its nature, life for contingent, situated beings such as we are is almost a combination of choice and chance, luck and meritorious effort. (Intermediate) Conclusion: Differences in income and wealth between people are not due solely to luck; they are due to a combination of luck and choice. Premise: Differences in income and wealth between people are not due solely to luck; they are due to a combination of luck and choice. Premise: Nobody deserves something if it is due solely to luck that they have it, but someone might deserve something if he/she recognized a chance opportunity, acted on it, and then worked hard, made smart choices, and produced something of value through a combination of both chances and choice without violating anyone’s rights in the process. (Major) Conclusion: It is not true that all differences in income and wealth are undeserved; some are deserved on the basis of choices made. Answers: a. Premise: By its nature, life for contingent, situated beings such as we are is almost a combination of choice and chance, luck and meritorious effort. Premise: Differences in income and wealth between people are not due solely to luck; they are due to a combination of luck and choice. Premise: Nobody deserves something if it is due solely to luck that they have it, but someone might deserve something if he/she recognized a chance opportunity, acted on it, and then worked hard, made smart choices, and produced something of value through a combination of both chances and choice without violating anyone’s rights