Philosophy 120: Schnee
Final Exam Review You must bring a purple Scantron answer sheet and
no. 2 pencil.
The final exam is closed book, closed note, close computer. You have 1 hour and 50 minutes.
Partial credit is usually possible, so always do whatever work you can.
This review guide is meant to give you an idea of some of the kinds of problems you will see
on the test. It is NOT meant to be comprehensive!
I. Formation Rules. Answer the following questions by circling T (true) or F (false).
F (a) T F R(Q,b) is a well-formed sentence.
T (b) T F P(c) is a well-formed sentence.
T (c) T F ~~P(f(a)) is a well-formed sentence.
T (d) T F g(a,b) is a well-formed term.
T (e) T F f(f(a)) is a well-formed term.
F (f) T F F(a) is a well-formed term.
II. Underline the scope of the quantifiers and write F (or free) or B (for bound) above or
below every occurrence of every variable in the following wffs. Use a continuous line
for the scope of " and a dotted line for the scope of $ . Be clear about your scope
underlining and variable labeling.
B B B B
(a) $xP(w, x, z) v "zQ(x, z)
F F F
B B B BB B
(b) "z( (P(y,z) & $wQ(w,z) ) ® R(x,w,z) )
F FF
, Final Exam 2
III. Answer the following questions by circling T (true) or F (false).
F (a) T F If an argument has true premises and a true conclusion, then it
must be valid.
T (b) T F If an argument is sound, then it cannot be invalid.
T (c) T F There are valid arguments with false premises.
T (d) T F Circular reasoning is valid.
IV. Indicate whether each of the following sentences is a Tautology (T), First-Order
Validity but not a tautology (FO), Logical Truths but not a first-order validity (L), or
None of the above (None).
Circle ONE
(a) "x(Cube(x) v ~Cube(x)) FO T FO L None
(b) b=b FO T FO L None
(c) Tet(a) v Dodec(a) v Cube(a) None T FO L None
(d) Cube(a) v a = a FO T FO L None
(e) Small(b) None T FO L None
Final Exam Review You must bring a purple Scantron answer sheet and
no. 2 pencil.
The final exam is closed book, closed note, close computer. You have 1 hour and 50 minutes.
Partial credit is usually possible, so always do whatever work you can.
This review guide is meant to give you an idea of some of the kinds of problems you will see
on the test. It is NOT meant to be comprehensive!
I. Formation Rules. Answer the following questions by circling T (true) or F (false).
F (a) T F R(Q,b) is a well-formed sentence.
T (b) T F P(c) is a well-formed sentence.
T (c) T F ~~P(f(a)) is a well-formed sentence.
T (d) T F g(a,b) is a well-formed term.
T (e) T F f(f(a)) is a well-formed term.
F (f) T F F(a) is a well-formed term.
II. Underline the scope of the quantifiers and write F (or free) or B (for bound) above or
below every occurrence of every variable in the following wffs. Use a continuous line
for the scope of " and a dotted line for the scope of $ . Be clear about your scope
underlining and variable labeling.
B B B B
(a) $xP(w, x, z) v "zQ(x, z)
F F F
B B B BB B
(b) "z( (P(y,z) & $wQ(w,z) ) ® R(x,w,z) )
F FF
, Final Exam 2
III. Answer the following questions by circling T (true) or F (false).
F (a) T F If an argument has true premises and a true conclusion, then it
must be valid.
T (b) T F If an argument is sound, then it cannot be invalid.
T (c) T F There are valid arguments with false premises.
T (d) T F Circular reasoning is valid.
IV. Indicate whether each of the following sentences is a Tautology (T), First-Order
Validity but not a tautology (FO), Logical Truths but not a first-order validity (L), or
None of the above (None).
Circle ONE
(a) "x(Cube(x) v ~Cube(x)) FO T FO L None
(b) b=b FO T FO L None
(c) Tet(a) v Dodec(a) v Cube(a) None T FO L None
(d) Cube(a) v a = a FO T FO L None
(e) Small(b) None T FO L None
