PMHNP certification exam 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

denial refusal to admit or recognize problem or event- primitive defense mechanism projection taking one's own unacceptable qualities and attributing them to another- primitive defense mechanism regression reverting to patterns of behavior from earlier stage of developement- immature defense mechanism passive-aggression indirectly expressing anger- immature defense mechanism reaction formation taking up the opposite feeling to reduce anxiety- neurotic defense mechanism intelluctualization focusing on intellectual component to AVOID anxiety or thinking about the matter- neurotic defense mechanism repression keeping info out of consciousness- neurotic defense mechanism displacement taking out frustrations, etc on people or objects less threatening- neurotic defense mechanism rationalization explaining unacceptable in a rational or logical manner- neurotic defense mechanism splitting seeing things about self or others in extremes, unable to integrate negative and positive- neurotic defense mechanism sublimation converts unacceptable into acceptable (going to gym when angry)- mature, healthy defense mechanism humor, sublimation, suppression mature, healthy defense mechanisms suppression removal of unwanted information (thinking about matter later)-mature, healthy defense mechanism cohort study level 3 evidence heirarchy- specific variable and a specific outcome tested Meta-analysis (systematic review) level 1 highest level of evidence- review of high quality published research RCTs level 2 evidence heirarchy case control study level 4 evidence heirarchy- retrospective study of cases and controls compared case series/ reports level 5 evidence heirarchyone study or narrative of one study/patient editorial/expert opinion lowest level (6) of evidence heirarchy- essays herd community resistance of group to infectious agent active immunity resistance developed in response to an antigen (agent or vaccine) ;presence of antibody produced by host, years or lifelong passive immunity immunity from mother or IG administered; 6-9 months sensitivity positive in disease; SnNout- sensitive test when negative rules OUT disease specificity negative in health; SpPin- specific test when positive rules IN disease prevalence porportion of individuals possessing the condition at any given time incidence NEW cases only AST elevation 40 alcohol, statin, tylenol, depakote ALT elevation 40 liver stress, depakote GGT elevation 45 possible ETOH CK elevation 240 possible NMS GFR 60 requires dose adjustment (normal 90) drugs/conditions that increase Li+ level ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, tetracyclines, metronidazole, K sparing diuretics, thiazide diuretics, dehydration HYPOnatremia drugs or conditions that decrease Li+ level HYPERnatremia, theophylline therapeutic lithium level 0.6-1.0 (acute mania 0.8-1.2) symptoms of lithium toxicity lethargy, fatigue, clumsiness, weakness, muscle cramping, nausea, vomiting, SEVERE tremor, blurred vision, confusion Low Hgb- 13.5 men or 12.5 women anemia low Hgb and MCV 78 microcytic anemia caused by blood loss (GI or menorrhagia) low Hgb and MCV 100 mactocytic anemia cause by alcohol use, B12 deficiency(pernicious anemia) or depakote/carbemazipine level of ANC required to initiate tx with Clozapine ANC 1500 medication or substance that is metabolized by an isoenzyme substrate (50% of all RXN meds are CYP450 3a4 substrates) Blocks a specific enzymatic pathway keeping substrate from exiting and INCREASING substrate levels inhibitor- increases substrate pushes substrates out the exit pathway leading to DECREASED substrate levels inducer- dereases substrate Existential theorists Frankl, May, Yalom- freedom, meaning, logotherapy Person-centered theorists Rogers- unconditional pos regard, empathy, MI Humanistic theorist Maslow- self acutalization Experiential theorists Gestalt, Perls- wholeness Behavioral theorists Skinner, Lazarus- operant, classical conditioning, 3Cs, token economies, DBT, ABC model (antecedent, behavior, consequences Cognitive theorists Beck, Ellis (REBT)- irrational beliefs, downward arrow, socratic Interpersonal theorists Klerman, Weissman- relationships, attachment, role-playing, clarifying interpersonal incidents EMDR theorists Shapiro, Foa- trauma Family systems theorists Bowen, Satir, Minuchin- fusion, triangles, boundaries, communication patterns, balance Solution focused theorists deShazer, Berg- Miracle question psychodynamic theorists Adler- working backward psychoanalytic theorist Freud- defense mechanisms, coping skills all or nothing thinking black/white; dualistic,; good/bad; perfect/failure overgeneralization one mistake leads to everything is mistake; unable to extract one good thing negative mental filter dwelling on negative catastrophizing exaggerating negative, awfulising "should" statements lead to guilt or anger, frustration, resentment. Don't "should" on yourself! labeling attaching negative or emotionally charged descriptions mind-reading jumping to conclusion without evidence personalization blaming self for negative outcome without evidence Reptilian Brain Brainstem (pons, medulla, oblongata, midbrain) and cerebellum Limbic system "emotional brain" Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus Cerebral cortex "thinking brain" Frontal lobe (PFC, DLPFC), parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe