STUDY GUIDE FOR QUIZ 2

Chapter 4  Rh status o mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+  mother’s blood will create antibodies against Rh+ and will see baby as intruder and attack the baby  Indication and Timing for Rhogam o IM injection at 28 weeks for Rh- moms (end of 2 nd trimester) and within 72 hours of delivery STUDY GUIDE FOR QUIZ 2 Chapter 4 Chapter 6  Ultrasounds o Fetal anatomy ultrasound typically performed between 18-22 weeks  PURPOSE  “intrauterine” pregnancy and “estimate” gestational age (1st trimester)  “due date” (2nd trimester)  “CONFIRM gestational age” (3rd trimester)  assess amount of amniotic fluid (AFI) by dividing uterus into 4 quadrants (3rd trimester) o Timing in pregnancy Chapter 6  First trimester to confirm pregnancy and calculate gestational age The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a screening tool that measures the volume of amniotic fluid with ultrasound to assess fetal well-being and placental function. The amniotic fluid level is based on fetal urine production, which is the predominate source of amniotic fluid and is directly dependent on renal perfusion (Queenan, Hobbins, & Spong, 2005). In prolonged fetal hypoxemia, blood is shunted away from fetal kidneys to other vital organs. Persistent decreased blood flow to the fetal kidneys results in reduction of amniotic fluid production and oligohydramnios. In conjunction with NST, AFI is a strong indicator of fetal status, as it is accurate in detecting fetal hypoxia. o AFI- oligohydramnios vs. polyhydramnios  Normal levels = 5-25 cm  Oligohydramnios (AFI 5cm)  Low amniotic fluid levels o Decreased uteroplacental perfusion  decreased fetal renal blood flow  decreased urine production  olio  Associated with increased prenatal mortality  Polyhydramnios (AFI25cm)  Excessive amniotic fluid levels  Indicates fetal malformation o NTDs o Obstruction of fetal GI tract o Fetal hydrops