Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology
Chapter 1 (Preface - An Introduction to
Life on Earth)
Biology - correct answer It is the study of all aspects of life and living things. Life is intangible and can't
be simply defined.
Organism - correct answer It is an individual living thing. They all acquire and use materials and energy
from chemical building blocks, maintaining organized complexity using energy, perceive and respond to
stimuli, grow, reproduce, and have the capacity to evolve.
Cell - correct answer It is the smallest unit of life, having at least an outer membrane with a watery
medium with organic molecules and genetic material of DNA.
Photosynthesis - correct answer It is the chemical reactions where light energy makes high-energy
organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, from low-energy molecules, usually CO2 and H2O. Some cells
use it.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - correct answer It is a molecule that is made of deoxyribose nucleotides
and has the genetic information for living cells. It is carried on to offspring.
Evolution - correct answer It is the descent of modern organisms with modification form preexisting life
forms, the theory that all organisms are related and have changed over time, and any change in the
genetic makeup of a population from one population to the next. It is caused from differences in DNA
among members of populations, inheritance of the differences, and natural selection.
Population - correct answer It is all the members of a species in a defined area at the same time and
place and can interbreed. Changes in DNA are inevitable and cause evolution
Gene - correct answer It is the unit of heredity and a segment of DNA on a particular place on a
chromosome with information of the amino acid sequence for a particular trait.
, Mutation - correct answer It is a change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene and may alter the
appearance of function of an organism. It is random copying errors and damage DNA. They become
inherited, which may be harmful, indifferent, or helpful.
Natural Selection - correct answer It is the unequal survival and reproduction of organisms caused by
heritable differences in phenotypes causing better adapted phenotypes being more common in a
population.
Adaptation - correct answer It is a trait that increases the ability for an individual to survive and
reproduce compared to individuals without the trait.
Extinction - correct answer It is the death of all members of a species. It happens when adaptation
doesn't happen fast enough.
Element - correct answer It is a substance that cannot be broken down or converted into something
simpler.
Atom - correct answer It is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the
element.
Molecule - correct answer It is a particle composed with one or more atoms held with chemical bonds
and is the smallest particle of a compound that has properties of the compound.
Tissue - correct answer It is a group of cells that do something together.
Organ - correct answer It is a structure made of two or more distinct tissue types working together.
Organ System - correct answer It is two or more organs working together to do something.
Species - correct answer It is a basic unit of taxonomic classification. It is defined as populations that can
interbreed naturally.
Chapter 1 (Preface - An Introduction to
Life on Earth)
Biology - correct answer It is the study of all aspects of life and living things. Life is intangible and can't
be simply defined.
Organism - correct answer It is an individual living thing. They all acquire and use materials and energy
from chemical building blocks, maintaining organized complexity using energy, perceive and respond to
stimuli, grow, reproduce, and have the capacity to evolve.
Cell - correct answer It is the smallest unit of life, having at least an outer membrane with a watery
medium with organic molecules and genetic material of DNA.
Photosynthesis - correct answer It is the chemical reactions where light energy makes high-energy
organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, from low-energy molecules, usually CO2 and H2O. Some cells
use it.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - correct answer It is a molecule that is made of deoxyribose nucleotides
and has the genetic information for living cells. It is carried on to offspring.
Evolution - correct answer It is the descent of modern organisms with modification form preexisting life
forms, the theory that all organisms are related and have changed over time, and any change in the
genetic makeup of a population from one population to the next. It is caused from differences in DNA
among members of populations, inheritance of the differences, and natural selection.
Population - correct answer It is all the members of a species in a defined area at the same time and
place and can interbreed. Changes in DNA are inevitable and cause evolution
Gene - correct answer It is the unit of heredity and a segment of DNA on a particular place on a
chromosome with information of the amino acid sequence for a particular trait.
, Mutation - correct answer It is a change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene and may alter the
appearance of function of an organism. It is random copying errors and damage DNA. They become
inherited, which may be harmful, indifferent, or helpful.
Natural Selection - correct answer It is the unequal survival and reproduction of organisms caused by
heritable differences in phenotypes causing better adapted phenotypes being more common in a
population.
Adaptation - correct answer It is a trait that increases the ability for an individual to survive and
reproduce compared to individuals without the trait.
Extinction - correct answer It is the death of all members of a species. It happens when adaptation
doesn't happen fast enough.
Element - correct answer It is a substance that cannot be broken down or converted into something
simpler.
Atom - correct answer It is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the
element.
Molecule - correct answer It is a particle composed with one or more atoms held with chemical bonds
and is the smallest particle of a compound that has properties of the compound.
Tissue - correct answer It is a group of cells that do something together.
Organ - correct answer It is a structure made of two or more distinct tissue types working together.
Organ System - correct answer It is two or more organs working together to do something.
Species - correct answer It is a basic unit of taxonomic classification. It is defined as populations that can
interbreed naturally.
