CHEM101
General Chemistry
Chapter 2: Properties of Solution
• Phase equilibria
• Energetics of Phase changes
• Liquid –Vapor Equilibrium
• The Equilibrium State
• Temperature dependence of Vapor Pressure
• Types of Solutions
• Concentration Units
• The Ideal Solution
• Nonideal Solutions
• Solubility
,Phase equilibrium:
Phase: Any homogeneous part of a system
A system may be of one phase or more than one phases.
A system with
liquid water only = 1-phase system;
liquid water + water vapor = 2-phase system;
liquid water + water vapor + ice = 3-phase system.
A system with single phase –homogeneous system and
with two or more phases – heterogeneous system
,• Suppose, the evaporation of water in a closed system,
• Liquid water = Water vapor = 2-phase system
• Here, water molecules gradually escape into water vapor. After collection
larger number of water vapor in contact with liquid water, water vapors aga
come back to liquid water. At one stage, these two processes reach a
equilibrium, which is known as phase equilibrium.
• Phase equilibrium is defined as state of a system when there is no net conversion of
one phase to another phase.
• It provides a number of simple illustrations of important general features of all
equilibriums
, Which represents an equilibr
A B
General Chemistry
Chapter 2: Properties of Solution
• Phase equilibria
• Energetics of Phase changes
• Liquid –Vapor Equilibrium
• The Equilibrium State
• Temperature dependence of Vapor Pressure
• Types of Solutions
• Concentration Units
• The Ideal Solution
• Nonideal Solutions
• Solubility
,Phase equilibrium:
Phase: Any homogeneous part of a system
A system may be of one phase or more than one phases.
A system with
liquid water only = 1-phase system;
liquid water + water vapor = 2-phase system;
liquid water + water vapor + ice = 3-phase system.
A system with single phase –homogeneous system and
with two or more phases – heterogeneous system
,• Suppose, the evaporation of water in a closed system,
• Liquid water = Water vapor = 2-phase system
• Here, water molecules gradually escape into water vapor. After collection
larger number of water vapor in contact with liquid water, water vapors aga
come back to liquid water. At one stage, these two processes reach a
equilibrium, which is known as phase equilibrium.
• Phase equilibrium is defined as state of a system when there is no net conversion of
one phase to another phase.
• It provides a number of simple illustrations of important general features of all
equilibriums
, Which represents an equilibr
A B
