Sterilization 2023 with 100% correct qustions and answers

Methods of Decontamination -Sterilization -Disinfection -Sanitization Sterilization Process by which all forms of life, including bacterial spores are destroyed by physical or chemical means Highest level of decontamination of patient protection Sterilization Disinfection Process or agent that destroys microorganisms but may NOT kill bacterial spores Sanitization Process by which the # of microorganisms is reduced to relatively safe levels (reduction of microbial load) Lowest level of safety Sanitization Does not kill spores TB or viruses Sanitization Reduces BIOBURDEN, only a cleaning process, not a substitute for sterilization,essential step before any sterilization or disinfection procedures. Ultrasonic Cleaner Time for ultrasonic cleaner 10-12 min -Moist heat: steam under pressure (autoclave) -Dry heat *Static Air *Forced Air -Chemical Vapor under pressure (Chemiclave) -Immersion or "Cold Sterilization" Types of sterilization Moist heat "Autoclave" Most effective & economical method of sterilization Temperature : 121°C - 250ºF for 20-30 min Autoclave Which type of Sterilization dull, rust, corrode, none stainless steel instruments Autoclave Two types of dry heat sterilizers -Static-Air (oven type) -Forced air (Convection) Action of dry heat is oxidation and operates at higher temperatures than autoclaves Static Air Temperature 160ºC - 320ºF 190ºC - 375ºF for 60 -120 min Static Air Motor driven blower that circulates heated air at high velocity Forced Air Temperature 320º-375º for 6 min unpacked 12 min Packed Forced Air Mode of Sterilization not good for handpieces Forced Air Unsaturated chemical vapors for sterilization Chemiclave Temperature 132ºC - 270ºF for 20 min Chemiclave Chemicals used with chemiclave formaldehyde, ethenol, water & other alcohols sterilization used in Hospitals Ethylene Oxide Gas (ETO) What type of sterilization is used for items that cannot be sterilized by heat Immersion (cold sterilization) Disinfectant categories -High-level disinfectants -Intermediate-level Disinfectants -Low-level disinfectants Destroys (biocidal) all bacteria, fungi, viruses & TB, but NOT spores High-level disinfectants Destroys vegetative bacteria, MOST fungi, viruses & TB but NOT spores Intermediate-level disinfectants Destroys vegetative bacteria SOME fungi, viruses but NOT TB or spores Low-level disinfectants Types of disinfectant chemicals -Chlorine compounds -Iodophors -Phenolics -Glutaraldehydes which level of disinfectants MUST be used for visible contamination Intermediate No longer accurate intermediate-level of disinfectant Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) chemicals considered Intermediate-level of disinfectants Idophors & Complex Phenols Chemicals considered High-level of disinfectant Glutaraldehydes, Chlorine dioxide Chemicals ONLY used as an antiseptic on skin or prior to percutaneous injections and NOT recommended as disinfectant for dental instruments or equipment. Isopropyl, simple phenols, Ethanol Alcohol Examples of critical items -Surgical Instruments -Needles -Periodontal scalers & curets -Explorers -Probes Level of disinfection for critical items Sterilization Examples of semi-critical items -work surfaces -suction devices -mouth mirrors -radiographic bite block -dental handpieces Level of disinfection for semi-critical items Sterilization or High-level disinfection when sterilization cannot be used Examples of Non-critical items -dental chair -light handles -safety eyewear -x-ray head -BP cuff, stethescope -walls, sinks, floors Level of disinfection for non-critical items Intermediate-low level disinfection