Globalization
in
World History
Peter N. Stearns (3e editie)
Samenvatting van Anniek Kooistra
Vak: Globalisation: Economic & Social History (blok 1)
,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Inhoudsopgave
Algemene info............................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Hoofdstuk 1 – Globalization and the Challenge to Historical Analysis...........................................................7
2 Hoofdstuk 2: Emerging Pattern of Contact, 1200 BCE-1000 CE: A Preparatory phase..................................10
3 Hoofdstuk 3 – 1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalisation?..........................................................16
3.1 Arabs as Trans-regional leaders...................................................................................................................17
3.2 New technology............................................................................................................................................19
3.3 New routes...................................................................................................................................................20
3.4 Impacts.........................................................................................................................................................21
3.4.1 The peace of Exhance...........................................................................................................................21
3.4.2 Techniques and Tastes..........................................................................................................................21
3.4.3 Concepts and Cultural Imitations.........................................................................................................22
3.4.4 The Travelers and Expanded Interregional Knowledge........................................................................22
3.5 Regionale Patterns.......................................................................................................................................23
3.6 1000 CE and the Stages of Globalization.....................................................................................................24
3.6.1 Conclusie + mening Stearn...................................................................................................................24
4 Hoofdstuk 4 – Transistion: The Mongol Period...........................................................................................26
5 Hoofdstuk 5 – 1500 as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization?...............................................................29
5.1 Technology...................................................................................................................................................30
5.2 Global inclusion: The Americas and Pacific Oceania....................................................................................31
5.3 Global Consequences: Trade, Diseases, Migrations, Food and Environment..............................................32
5.3.1 Trade.....................................................................................................................................................32
5.3.2 Disease and Migration..........................................................................................................................32
5.3.3 Food......................................................................................................................................................33
5.3.4 Environmental Changes........................................................................................................................33
5.4 Global organizations: The International Trading Compagnies....................................................................33
5.5 Global inequalities and Regional patterns...................................................................................................34
5.6 Continuities in Asia and Africa.....................................................................................................................36
5.7 The Limitations of Early Modern Globalization............................................................................................37
5.8 The Problem of Culture.................................................................................................................................37
5.9 1500 as Turning Point..................................................................................................................................38
6 Hoofdstuk 6 – A Late-Eighteenth Century Transition..................................................................................39
2
, 6.1 Change 1: Toward the New Consumerism...................................................................................................41
6.2 Change 2: Expansion of European Manufacturing Capacity.......................................................................42
6.3 Change 3: New attitudes About the World..................................................................................................43
6.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................43
7 Hoofdstuk 7 – The 1850 as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization?........................................................45
7.1 New technologies and systems....................................................................................................................45
7.2 Toward Freer Trade and Imperalism............................................................................................................46
7.3 Trade and International Business.................................................................................................................46
7.4 Migration......................................................................................................................................................47
7.5 Tourism.........................................................................................................................................................48
7.6 Food, diseases, Technology Diffusion, and the Environment.......................................................................48
7.6.1 Foods.....................................................................................................................................................48
7.6.2 Epidemics and New Controls................................................................................................................48
7.6.3 Spreading Technologies........................................................................................................................49
7.6.4 Environment.........................................................................................................................................49
7.7 The Emergence of Global Political Institutions.............................................................................................49
7.7.1 The New Institutions and Policies.........................................................................................................50
7.7.2 The Emergence of ‘World Opinion’......................................................................................................50
7.8 Cultural globalization: Some New Steps......................................................................................................51
7.9 Sports as a Lead Item in Globalization.........................................................................................................51
7.10 Movies and Global Popular Culture...........................................................................................................51
7.11 Continuities and Limitations.......................................................................................................................52
7.12 The Rise of Nationalism..............................................................................................................................52
7.13 Regional Patterns.......................................................................................................................................53
7.14 The Late-Nineteenth Century as Crucible...................................................................................................53
8 Hoofdstuk 8 – The Great Retreat, 1914-1945 and a New Transition............................................................55
8.1 The Great War..............................................................................................................................................55
8.2 Ambiguity and Persistence (Dubbelzinnigheid en hardnekkigheid).............................................................56
8.3 Conclusion: Back to Transistion....................................................................................................................57
9 Hoofdstuk 9 – Globalization since the 1940................................................................................................ 58
9.1 The new framework: Technology, Policy and Language..............................................................................58
9.1.1 Technology, transportation, and communication................................................................................59
9.1.2 Policy change........................................................................................................................................59
9.1.3 Language: Global English......................................................................................................................61
9.2 Facets of Globalization: Trade and Inequalities...........................................................................................61
9.3 Migration, Travel, and Global Communities................................................................................................62
9.4 An organizational Revolution? Multinationals and INGO’s.........................................................................63
9.5 Global Politics...............................................................................................................................................64
9.6 Global health................................................................................................................................................65
9.7 Cultural Globalization...................................................................................................................................66
3
, 9.8 A global Youth (jeugd) culture?....................................................................................................................66
9.9 The Global Environment...............................................................................................................................67
9.10 Global Protest.............................................................................................................................................67
9.11 Regional Patterns.......................................................................................................................................67
9.12 Global Accumulations and Innovations......................................................................................................68
10 Hoofdstuk 10 – A New Retreat? Another decade of Disruption................................................................68
10.1 More of the same.......................................................................................................................................69
10.2 A new Globalization Crisis?........................................................................................................................69
10.3 The Rise of Authoritarianism......................................................................................................................70
10.4 New resistance in the West: A resurgence of Nationalism........................................................................70
11 Hoofdstuk 11 – Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 71
12 Begrippenlijst (glossarium)...................................................................................................................... 74
4
in
World History
Peter N. Stearns (3e editie)
Samenvatting van Anniek Kooistra
Vak: Globalisation: Economic & Social History (blok 1)
,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Inhoudsopgave
Algemene info............................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Hoofdstuk 1 – Globalization and the Challenge to Historical Analysis...........................................................7
2 Hoofdstuk 2: Emerging Pattern of Contact, 1200 BCE-1000 CE: A Preparatory phase..................................10
3 Hoofdstuk 3 – 1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalisation?..........................................................16
3.1 Arabs as Trans-regional leaders...................................................................................................................17
3.2 New technology............................................................................................................................................19
3.3 New routes...................................................................................................................................................20
3.4 Impacts.........................................................................................................................................................21
3.4.1 The peace of Exhance...........................................................................................................................21
3.4.2 Techniques and Tastes..........................................................................................................................21
3.4.3 Concepts and Cultural Imitations.........................................................................................................22
3.4.4 The Travelers and Expanded Interregional Knowledge........................................................................22
3.5 Regionale Patterns.......................................................................................................................................23
3.6 1000 CE and the Stages of Globalization.....................................................................................................24
3.6.1 Conclusie + mening Stearn...................................................................................................................24
4 Hoofdstuk 4 – Transistion: The Mongol Period...........................................................................................26
5 Hoofdstuk 5 – 1500 as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization?...............................................................29
5.1 Technology...................................................................................................................................................30
5.2 Global inclusion: The Americas and Pacific Oceania....................................................................................31
5.3 Global Consequences: Trade, Diseases, Migrations, Food and Environment..............................................32
5.3.1 Trade.....................................................................................................................................................32
5.3.2 Disease and Migration..........................................................................................................................32
5.3.3 Food......................................................................................................................................................33
5.3.4 Environmental Changes........................................................................................................................33
5.4 Global organizations: The International Trading Compagnies....................................................................33
5.5 Global inequalities and Regional patterns...................................................................................................34
5.6 Continuities in Asia and Africa.....................................................................................................................36
5.7 The Limitations of Early Modern Globalization............................................................................................37
5.8 The Problem of Culture.................................................................................................................................37
5.9 1500 as Turning Point..................................................................................................................................38
6 Hoofdstuk 6 – A Late-Eighteenth Century Transition..................................................................................39
2
, 6.1 Change 1: Toward the New Consumerism...................................................................................................41
6.2 Change 2: Expansion of European Manufacturing Capacity.......................................................................42
6.3 Change 3: New attitudes About the World..................................................................................................43
6.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................43
7 Hoofdstuk 7 – The 1850 as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization?........................................................45
7.1 New technologies and systems....................................................................................................................45
7.2 Toward Freer Trade and Imperalism............................................................................................................46
7.3 Trade and International Business.................................................................................................................46
7.4 Migration......................................................................................................................................................47
7.5 Tourism.........................................................................................................................................................48
7.6 Food, diseases, Technology Diffusion, and the Environment.......................................................................48
7.6.1 Foods.....................................................................................................................................................48
7.6.2 Epidemics and New Controls................................................................................................................48
7.6.3 Spreading Technologies........................................................................................................................49
7.6.4 Environment.........................................................................................................................................49
7.7 The Emergence of Global Political Institutions.............................................................................................49
7.7.1 The New Institutions and Policies.........................................................................................................50
7.7.2 The Emergence of ‘World Opinion’......................................................................................................50
7.8 Cultural globalization: Some New Steps......................................................................................................51
7.9 Sports as a Lead Item in Globalization.........................................................................................................51
7.10 Movies and Global Popular Culture...........................................................................................................51
7.11 Continuities and Limitations.......................................................................................................................52
7.12 The Rise of Nationalism..............................................................................................................................52
7.13 Regional Patterns.......................................................................................................................................53
7.14 The Late-Nineteenth Century as Crucible...................................................................................................53
8 Hoofdstuk 8 – The Great Retreat, 1914-1945 and a New Transition............................................................55
8.1 The Great War..............................................................................................................................................55
8.2 Ambiguity and Persistence (Dubbelzinnigheid en hardnekkigheid).............................................................56
8.3 Conclusion: Back to Transistion....................................................................................................................57
9 Hoofdstuk 9 – Globalization since the 1940................................................................................................ 58
9.1 The new framework: Technology, Policy and Language..............................................................................58
9.1.1 Technology, transportation, and communication................................................................................59
9.1.2 Policy change........................................................................................................................................59
9.1.3 Language: Global English......................................................................................................................61
9.2 Facets of Globalization: Trade and Inequalities...........................................................................................61
9.3 Migration, Travel, and Global Communities................................................................................................62
9.4 An organizational Revolution? Multinationals and INGO’s.........................................................................63
9.5 Global Politics...............................................................................................................................................64
9.6 Global health................................................................................................................................................65
9.7 Cultural Globalization...................................................................................................................................66
3
, 9.8 A global Youth (jeugd) culture?....................................................................................................................66
9.9 The Global Environment...............................................................................................................................67
9.10 Global Protest.............................................................................................................................................67
9.11 Regional Patterns.......................................................................................................................................67
9.12 Global Accumulations and Innovations......................................................................................................68
10 Hoofdstuk 10 – A New Retreat? Another decade of Disruption................................................................68
10.1 More of the same.......................................................................................................................................69
10.2 A new Globalization Crisis?........................................................................................................................69
10.3 The Rise of Authoritarianism......................................................................................................................70
10.4 New resistance in the West: A resurgence of Nationalism........................................................................70
11 Hoofdstuk 11 – Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 71
12 Begrippenlijst (glossarium)...................................................................................................................... 74
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