Criminology Unit 3 AC 1.2
Databases - Answer - Hold information on suspects, witnesses, crimes, informants and
other relevant information.
Police National Computer - Answer - PNC us used to help investigations and share
information of both national and local security. Makes critical missions easier for the
police, UK enforcement agencies and other criminal justice agencies throughout the UK.
PNC also provided real time data on people, vehicles, crimes and properties and well as
alerts such as: missing people, stolen objects or vehicles as well as vehicles requiring
discreet checks.
PNC Effectiveness: Effective - Answer - Provides useful information when investigating
crimes. Has links to European databases to allowing sharing of info internationally.
Provides real time checks on vehicles, properties and people as well as crimes.
PNC Effectiveness: Not Effective - Answer - Database does not show photos. Basic
information. Generally not used as often anymore.Police often have to guess whether a
person is the suspect they are looking for based upon the description of the suspect.
Police National Database - Answer - Available to all UK police forces and selected law
enforcement agencies. This allows different organisations to share the information they
have on a specific suspect. Contains 3.5 billion records. 20 Million records added every
month. 222 databases. 4000 users. This database specializes in safeguarding children
and vulnerable people, countering terrorism and prevents organised crime.
PND Usefulness: Useful - Answer - Allows sharing of information between forces.
Handles billions of records and images. Can help prevent and identify different crimes.
Includes allegations as well as number of convictions.
PND Usefulness: Not Useful - Answer - Separate Database to Police National
Computer. Supposed to be replaced in 2020.
PNC AND PND - Answer - PNC and PND are supposed to merge together to form Law
Enforcement Data Service.
National DNA Database - Answer - Created in 1995. Individual samples obtained and
stored in a computer. Connects individuals to crimes.
DNA Database Usefulness: Useful - Answer - Can lead police to certain suspects. DNA
records are kept for comparison. Technology improvement.
DNA Database Usefulness: Not Useful - Answer - Human rights and privacy means that
suspects who are not convicted have their DNA destroyed. There is a risk of data
abuse. Contamination of evidence is still possible.
This study source was downloaded by 100000857300661 from CourseHero.com on 11-27-2022 03:33:03 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/174909882/Criminology-Unit-3-AC-12docx/
, Fingerprint Analysis - Answer - Fingerprints are the ridges, whorls and valley patterns at
the end of each finger. No two people have the same fingerprints. Everyone's fingerprint
is unique. There is a one in 64 billion chance that two people will have the same
fingerprints. Can be found on any hard surface including the human body.
Visible (Patent Prints) - Answer - Visible prints are formed when blood, dirt, ink, or paint
is transferred from finger to surface. Patent prints found on wide variety of surfaces.
Paper, cloth, wood, metal, glass and plastic.
Invisible Prints (Latent Prints) - Answer - Formed when a body's natural oils are
deposited onto another surface. Found on a variety of surfaces however they are not as
visible and are a lot harder to find.Requires the use of fingerprint powders, or chemical
reagents to find these prints.The smoother the surface, the greater the chance of finding
the prints.
Comparing Fingerprints - Answer - Fingerprint examiners use small magnifiers called
loupes to view finite details of a print. A pointer called a ridge counter is used to count
the friction ridges.
Fingerprint Analysis: Useful - Answer - Fingerprints are reliable because two people
cannot have the same prints. Bio metric scanners are useful for security. Excludes
people from investigations if their prints were not at the crime scene. Not expensive to
collect fingerprints.
Fingerprint Analysis: Not Useful - Answer - There may be problems with fingerprint
analysis. For example, if someone wears gloves, it will be harder to collect their
fingerprints. Biometric systems for phones and computers are expensive to create and
maintain. Need 2 samples of a fingerprint to get a match. It is a tedious process to
analyze fingerprints which could lead to mistakes.
Offender Profiling - Answer - Possible to work out the characteristics of an offender by
examining what they did in the crime they committed. Criminologist Ainsworth stated
"profiling generally refers to the process of using all available information about a crime,
a crime scene, and a victim in order to compose a profile of the unknown offender".
Goals of Profiling - Answer - Provide social and psychological profiles on the offender.
Psychological evaluation of what the offender owns. Provides new interviewing
strategies.
Methods of Profiling: American (Typological) - Answer - There are different types of
offender. Behavioral evidence can tell us what type the offender is. Knowing the type of
offender, can help the police and other agencies predict things about the offender. This
is good for crimes such as rape, arson and torture.
Organised Offender - Answer - Intelligent. Has a skilled occupation. Manipulative and
cunning. Married or cohabiting with a partner. Angry at time of murder. Likely to follow
This study source was downloaded by 100000857300661 from CourseHero.com on 11-27-2022 03:33:03 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/174909882/Criminology-Unit-3-AC-12docx/
Databases - Answer - Hold information on suspects, witnesses, crimes, informants and
other relevant information.
Police National Computer - Answer - PNC us used to help investigations and share
information of both national and local security. Makes critical missions easier for the
police, UK enforcement agencies and other criminal justice agencies throughout the UK.
PNC also provided real time data on people, vehicles, crimes and properties and well as
alerts such as: missing people, stolen objects or vehicles as well as vehicles requiring
discreet checks.
PNC Effectiveness: Effective - Answer - Provides useful information when investigating
crimes. Has links to European databases to allowing sharing of info internationally.
Provides real time checks on vehicles, properties and people as well as crimes.
PNC Effectiveness: Not Effective - Answer - Database does not show photos. Basic
information. Generally not used as often anymore.Police often have to guess whether a
person is the suspect they are looking for based upon the description of the suspect.
Police National Database - Answer - Available to all UK police forces and selected law
enforcement agencies. This allows different organisations to share the information they
have on a specific suspect. Contains 3.5 billion records. 20 Million records added every
month. 222 databases. 4000 users. This database specializes in safeguarding children
and vulnerable people, countering terrorism and prevents organised crime.
PND Usefulness: Useful - Answer - Allows sharing of information between forces.
Handles billions of records and images. Can help prevent and identify different crimes.
Includes allegations as well as number of convictions.
PND Usefulness: Not Useful - Answer - Separate Database to Police National
Computer. Supposed to be replaced in 2020.
PNC AND PND - Answer - PNC and PND are supposed to merge together to form Law
Enforcement Data Service.
National DNA Database - Answer - Created in 1995. Individual samples obtained and
stored in a computer. Connects individuals to crimes.
DNA Database Usefulness: Useful - Answer - Can lead police to certain suspects. DNA
records are kept for comparison. Technology improvement.
DNA Database Usefulness: Not Useful - Answer - Human rights and privacy means that
suspects who are not convicted have their DNA destroyed. There is a risk of data
abuse. Contamination of evidence is still possible.
This study source was downloaded by 100000857300661 from CourseHero.com on 11-27-2022 03:33:03 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/174909882/Criminology-Unit-3-AC-12docx/
, Fingerprint Analysis - Answer - Fingerprints are the ridges, whorls and valley patterns at
the end of each finger. No two people have the same fingerprints. Everyone's fingerprint
is unique. There is a one in 64 billion chance that two people will have the same
fingerprints. Can be found on any hard surface including the human body.
Visible (Patent Prints) - Answer - Visible prints are formed when blood, dirt, ink, or paint
is transferred from finger to surface. Patent prints found on wide variety of surfaces.
Paper, cloth, wood, metal, glass and plastic.
Invisible Prints (Latent Prints) - Answer - Formed when a body's natural oils are
deposited onto another surface. Found on a variety of surfaces however they are not as
visible and are a lot harder to find.Requires the use of fingerprint powders, or chemical
reagents to find these prints.The smoother the surface, the greater the chance of finding
the prints.
Comparing Fingerprints - Answer - Fingerprint examiners use small magnifiers called
loupes to view finite details of a print. A pointer called a ridge counter is used to count
the friction ridges.
Fingerprint Analysis: Useful - Answer - Fingerprints are reliable because two people
cannot have the same prints. Bio metric scanners are useful for security. Excludes
people from investigations if their prints were not at the crime scene. Not expensive to
collect fingerprints.
Fingerprint Analysis: Not Useful - Answer - There may be problems with fingerprint
analysis. For example, if someone wears gloves, it will be harder to collect their
fingerprints. Biometric systems for phones and computers are expensive to create and
maintain. Need 2 samples of a fingerprint to get a match. It is a tedious process to
analyze fingerprints which could lead to mistakes.
Offender Profiling - Answer - Possible to work out the characteristics of an offender by
examining what they did in the crime they committed. Criminologist Ainsworth stated
"profiling generally refers to the process of using all available information about a crime,
a crime scene, and a victim in order to compose a profile of the unknown offender".
Goals of Profiling - Answer - Provide social and psychological profiles on the offender.
Psychological evaluation of what the offender owns. Provides new interviewing
strategies.
Methods of Profiling: American (Typological) - Answer - There are different types of
offender. Behavioral evidence can tell us what type the offender is. Knowing the type of
offender, can help the police and other agencies predict things about the offender. This
is good for crimes such as rape, arson and torture.
Organised Offender - Answer - Intelligent. Has a skilled occupation. Manipulative and
cunning. Married or cohabiting with a partner. Angry at time of murder. Likely to follow
This study source was downloaded by 100000857300661 from CourseHero.com on 11-27-2022 03:33:03 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/174909882/Criminology-Unit-3-AC-12docx/
