Fracture Fracture Proximal Fracture shaft of Humerus Supra Condylar Fracture Colle’s Fracture
Clavicle Humerus
Incidence *Most common *Most common in elderly *More common in Elderly *Most common elbow injury in *Most common in elderly ♀
fracture in the ♀ with postmenopausal -may be site of pathological fractures children (especially males) with postmenopausal
body osteoporosis. due to tumors. (50% Greenstick, 50% osteoporosis.
*Trimodal *Bimodal Complete)
Site common: middle -Around anatomical or Metaphysis just above 2 Extrarticular fracture 1 inch
1/3 (80%)> lateral surgical neck epicondyles passing through above the distal end of radius
15% > medial olecranon fossa with backward displacement of
(5%). -Greater or lesser the distal fragment.
tuberosity
Trauma I: Fall on I: Fall on outstretched I: Fall on outstretched hand I: -Fall on outstretched hand I: Fall on palm of outstretched
outstretched hand hand Twisting injury: spiral fracture with elbow slightly flexed & hand with wrist extended
(Surgical neck) hand pronated (Extension Type)
D: Direct blow to D: Direct blow to the elbow
the elbow -Fall on shoulder -Fall on tip of flexed elbow
(Anatomical neck, Greater (Flexion type )
tuberosity)
Clinical + Deformity: +Deformity: +Deformity: + Deformity: *Scheme
Picture 1. Shoulder drop -Flat shoulder -Angulation Deformity -Cubitus Varum > valgus + Deformity:
*Scheme 2. Step Ladder -S-shaped elbow Dinner fork deformity
deformity ( radial styloid process is no
3. Position of longer lower than that of ulna )
Lactating
Mother
Displacement *Medial: up by Neer’s Classification *Upper Fragment: Extension: Posterior
sternomastoid. Abducted by supraspinatus adducted displacement of distal fragment
*Lateral: *1 fracture + 0 disp. by P.Major abducted by deltoid. by Triceps.
downward by *2 fractures + 1 disp.
gravity, forward & *3 fractures + 2 disp. *Lower Fragments: Flexion: anterior displacement
medical by *4 fractures + 3 disp. Adducted by P. Major abducted by of distal fragment by Biceps &
pectoralis major deltoid adducted by coracobrachialis. Brachialis.
spasm.
Investigations X-ray
CT (medial CT is better Traction Radiographs may be
1/3) needed.
Donia A. Farhat
Clavicle Humerus
Incidence *Most common *Most common in elderly *More common in Elderly *Most common elbow injury in *Most common in elderly ♀
fracture in the ♀ with postmenopausal -may be site of pathological fractures children (especially males) with postmenopausal
body osteoporosis. due to tumors. (50% Greenstick, 50% osteoporosis.
*Trimodal *Bimodal Complete)
Site common: middle -Around anatomical or Metaphysis just above 2 Extrarticular fracture 1 inch
1/3 (80%)> lateral surgical neck epicondyles passing through above the distal end of radius
15% > medial olecranon fossa with backward displacement of
(5%). -Greater or lesser the distal fragment.
tuberosity
Trauma I: Fall on I: Fall on outstretched I: Fall on outstretched hand I: -Fall on outstretched hand I: Fall on palm of outstretched
outstretched hand hand Twisting injury: spiral fracture with elbow slightly flexed & hand with wrist extended
(Surgical neck) hand pronated (Extension Type)
D: Direct blow to D: Direct blow to the elbow
the elbow -Fall on shoulder -Fall on tip of flexed elbow
(Anatomical neck, Greater (Flexion type )
tuberosity)
Clinical + Deformity: +Deformity: +Deformity: + Deformity: *Scheme
Picture 1. Shoulder drop -Flat shoulder -Angulation Deformity -Cubitus Varum > valgus + Deformity:
*Scheme 2. Step Ladder -S-shaped elbow Dinner fork deformity
deformity ( radial styloid process is no
3. Position of longer lower than that of ulna )
Lactating
Mother
Displacement *Medial: up by Neer’s Classification *Upper Fragment: Extension: Posterior
sternomastoid. Abducted by supraspinatus adducted displacement of distal fragment
*Lateral: *1 fracture + 0 disp. by P.Major abducted by deltoid. by Triceps.
downward by *2 fractures + 1 disp.
gravity, forward & *3 fractures + 2 disp. *Lower Fragments: Flexion: anterior displacement
medical by *4 fractures + 3 disp. Adducted by P. Major abducted by of distal fragment by Biceps &
pectoralis major deltoid adducted by coracobrachialis. Brachialis.
spasm.
Investigations X-ray
CT (medial CT is better Traction Radiographs may be
1/3) needed.
Donia A. Farhat
