PSYB30 Midterm 2 Test Bank Answers
Chapter 06
Genetics and Personality
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The "Jim twins"
A. prove that personality traits are heritable.
B. prove the effects of nonshared family environments.
C. are very similar despite having been separated at birth.
D. are identical in all ways.
2. The term refers to the complete set of genes an organism possesses.
A. "genome"
B. "eugenics"
C. "phenotypic"
D. "genotypic"
3. All human genes are located somewhere on one of pairs of
chromosomes.
A. 12
B. 17
C. 23
D. 32
4. The human genome contains about separate genes.A.
10,000-15,000
B. 20,000-40,000
C. 30,000-40,000
D. 1,000,000-2,000,000
5. The goal of the Human Genome Project is to
A. identify which genes are related to personality.
B. identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in humans.
C. identify genotypic variance.
D. solve the nature-nurture debate once and for all.
6. The Human Genome Project has
A. been a large failure.
B. identified the sequence of DNA molecules in humans.
C. identified the functions of most human genes.
D. discovered that people differ widely in their particular genes.
7. Which one of the following is NOT one of the fears about genetic research?
A. Genetic research will lead to the development of "designer" babies.
B. If criminal behavior is genetic then attempts at rehabilitation will befruitless.
C. Decoding genetic differences will reveal complexities in human nature.
D. Genetic research will marginalize research in other areas of psychology.
8. The idea that people with "desirable" characteristics should be
encouraged to have children
,while "less desirable" people should be discouraged from having children iscalled
A. eugenics.
B. molecular genetics.
C. selective placement.
D. heritability.
9. Most psychologists who study genetics
A. support the idea of eugenics.
B. believe creating "designer babies" is a worthwhile goal.
C. believe that the environment does not contribute to personality.
D. are interested in the causes of individual differences.
10. The fact that Americans are, on average, 2 inches taller than a hundredyears ago
demonstrates that
A. the environment determines height.
B. the environment can contribute to highly heritable traits.
C. height is not heritable.
D. height is only slightly heritable.
11. If a score for a characteristic is divided into its different causes
researchers are typically
assessing the due each of the causes of that score.
A. genotype-environment interaction
B. genotype-environment correlation
C. percentage of variance
D. environmentalism
12. Behavioral geneticists are generally NOT interested in the
A. percentage of variance due to environment.
B. percentage of variance due to genes.
C. percentage of genetic variance in an individual.
D. ways in which genes and the environment interact to form personality.
13. The proportion of phenotypic variation in a group of individuals due togenetic
variance is
called
A. "heritability."
B. the "phenotypic percentage of variance."
C. the "genome."
D. "eugenics."
14. refers to the proportion of variance in a group of individuals thatcan be
accounted
for by genetic variance.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic percentage of variance
C. The genome
,D. Eugenics
15. refers to observed differences among individuals.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic variance
C. Genotypic variance
D. Environmentality
16. refers to individual differences in the collection of genes of each person.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic variance
C. Genotypic variance
D. Environmentality
17. If the heritability of sociability is .30, the environment is responsible for
A. 70 percent of phenotypic variation.
B. 70 percent of genotypic variation.
C. 30 percent of phenotypic variation.
D. 30 percent of genotypic variation.
18. The percentage of variance in a group of individuals that can be
attributed to nongenetic
differences is called
A. heritability.
B. phenotypic variance.
C. genotypic variance.
D. environmentality.
19. If the heritability of a trait is very large, then the of the trait is
small.
A. phenotypic variance
B. genotypic variance
C. environmentality
D. genomic variance
20. Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT true?
A. Heritability can be applied to an individual.
B. Heritability can change over time.
C. The heritability of the same trait can be different in different groups.
D. The phenotype is the expression of a characteristic's genotype.
21. Which of the following is NOT a reason why heritability can vary?
A. It is an imprecise estimate.
B. Environments change.
C. Unreliability in measurement.
D. Heritability coefficients are fixed in a population.
22. The argument over whether the environment or genes determines
personality is known as
A. the eugenics debate.
, B. the nature-nurture debate.
C. heritability.
D. the equal environments assumption.
23. If we were attempting to determine how much of George's personalitywas due
to genetics
and how much were due to the environment we would
A. measure George's genome.
B. compare George to his siblings.
C. be asking an impossible question.
D. map his chromosomes.
24. At the level of the individual
A. there is no nature-nurture debate.
B. genes are useful in studying personality.
C. the idiographic genetic approach should be used.
D. genes determine most of personality.
25. The technical term for dividing a trait's score genetic and environmentalvariance
at the
population level is called
A. apportioning.
B. subdivision.
C. partitioning.
D. extrapolating.
26. Which of the following methods in NOT used with humans?
A. Selective breeding
B. Twin studies
C. Adoption studies
D. Family studies
27. The use of selective breeding in animals can be used to study
A. sexual selection pressures for behaviors.
B. the heritability of behaviors.
C. natural selection pressures for behaviors.
D. the dominance hierarchies of animals.
28. is shown when successive generations show more and more of atrait.
A. Shared environment
B. Selective breeding
C. Genotype-environment correlation
D. The equal environments assumption
29. Selective breeding in dogs demonstrates that
A. behavioral traits can be heritable.
B. human personality is heritable.
C. the equal environments assumption is not violated.
D. the representativeness assumption is not violated.
Chapter 06
Genetics and Personality
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The "Jim twins"
A. prove that personality traits are heritable.
B. prove the effects of nonshared family environments.
C. are very similar despite having been separated at birth.
D. are identical in all ways.
2. The term refers to the complete set of genes an organism possesses.
A. "genome"
B. "eugenics"
C. "phenotypic"
D. "genotypic"
3. All human genes are located somewhere on one of pairs of
chromosomes.
A. 12
B. 17
C. 23
D. 32
4. The human genome contains about separate genes.A.
10,000-15,000
B. 20,000-40,000
C. 30,000-40,000
D. 1,000,000-2,000,000
5. The goal of the Human Genome Project is to
A. identify which genes are related to personality.
B. identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in humans.
C. identify genotypic variance.
D. solve the nature-nurture debate once and for all.
6. The Human Genome Project has
A. been a large failure.
B. identified the sequence of DNA molecules in humans.
C. identified the functions of most human genes.
D. discovered that people differ widely in their particular genes.
7. Which one of the following is NOT one of the fears about genetic research?
A. Genetic research will lead to the development of "designer" babies.
B. If criminal behavior is genetic then attempts at rehabilitation will befruitless.
C. Decoding genetic differences will reveal complexities in human nature.
D. Genetic research will marginalize research in other areas of psychology.
8. The idea that people with "desirable" characteristics should be
encouraged to have children
,while "less desirable" people should be discouraged from having children iscalled
A. eugenics.
B. molecular genetics.
C. selective placement.
D. heritability.
9. Most psychologists who study genetics
A. support the idea of eugenics.
B. believe creating "designer babies" is a worthwhile goal.
C. believe that the environment does not contribute to personality.
D. are interested in the causes of individual differences.
10. The fact that Americans are, on average, 2 inches taller than a hundredyears ago
demonstrates that
A. the environment determines height.
B. the environment can contribute to highly heritable traits.
C. height is not heritable.
D. height is only slightly heritable.
11. If a score for a characteristic is divided into its different causes
researchers are typically
assessing the due each of the causes of that score.
A. genotype-environment interaction
B. genotype-environment correlation
C. percentage of variance
D. environmentalism
12. Behavioral geneticists are generally NOT interested in the
A. percentage of variance due to environment.
B. percentage of variance due to genes.
C. percentage of genetic variance in an individual.
D. ways in which genes and the environment interact to form personality.
13. The proportion of phenotypic variation in a group of individuals due togenetic
variance is
called
A. "heritability."
B. the "phenotypic percentage of variance."
C. the "genome."
D. "eugenics."
14. refers to the proportion of variance in a group of individuals thatcan be
accounted
for by genetic variance.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic percentage of variance
C. The genome
,D. Eugenics
15. refers to observed differences among individuals.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic variance
C. Genotypic variance
D. Environmentality
16. refers to individual differences in the collection of genes of each person.
A. Heritability
B. Phenotypic variance
C. Genotypic variance
D. Environmentality
17. If the heritability of sociability is .30, the environment is responsible for
A. 70 percent of phenotypic variation.
B. 70 percent of genotypic variation.
C. 30 percent of phenotypic variation.
D. 30 percent of genotypic variation.
18. The percentage of variance in a group of individuals that can be
attributed to nongenetic
differences is called
A. heritability.
B. phenotypic variance.
C. genotypic variance.
D. environmentality.
19. If the heritability of a trait is very large, then the of the trait is
small.
A. phenotypic variance
B. genotypic variance
C. environmentality
D. genomic variance
20. Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT true?
A. Heritability can be applied to an individual.
B. Heritability can change over time.
C. The heritability of the same trait can be different in different groups.
D. The phenotype is the expression of a characteristic's genotype.
21. Which of the following is NOT a reason why heritability can vary?
A. It is an imprecise estimate.
B. Environments change.
C. Unreliability in measurement.
D. Heritability coefficients are fixed in a population.
22. The argument over whether the environment or genes determines
personality is known as
A. the eugenics debate.
, B. the nature-nurture debate.
C. heritability.
D. the equal environments assumption.
23. If we were attempting to determine how much of George's personalitywas due
to genetics
and how much were due to the environment we would
A. measure George's genome.
B. compare George to his siblings.
C. be asking an impossible question.
D. map his chromosomes.
24. At the level of the individual
A. there is no nature-nurture debate.
B. genes are useful in studying personality.
C. the idiographic genetic approach should be used.
D. genes determine most of personality.
25. The technical term for dividing a trait's score genetic and environmentalvariance
at the
population level is called
A. apportioning.
B. subdivision.
C. partitioning.
D. extrapolating.
26. Which of the following methods in NOT used with humans?
A. Selective breeding
B. Twin studies
C. Adoption studies
D. Family studies
27. The use of selective breeding in animals can be used to study
A. sexual selection pressures for behaviors.
B. the heritability of behaviors.
C. natural selection pressures for behaviors.
D. the dominance hierarchies of animals.
28. is shown when successive generations show more and more of atrait.
A. Shared environment
B. Selective breeding
C. Genotype-environment correlation
D. The equal environments assumption
29. Selective breeding in dogs demonstrates that
A. behavioral traits can be heritable.
B. human personality is heritable.
C. the equal environments assumption is not violated.
D. the representativeness assumption is not violated.
