NBDE Part I Remembered Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2023

NBDE Part I Remembered Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2023 The philtrum of the lip is formed from what? - Correct answer-Medial nasal processes and maxillary processes Unilateral cleft lip is caused by what? - Correct answer-When the maxillary prominence on the affected side fails to join with the merged medial nasal prominences What is the most abundant papilla on the tongue? - Correct answer-Filiform Esophageal varices are commonly seen in what? - Correct answer-Alcoholics What type of hypersensitivity reaction is present in SLE? - Correct answer-Type III (immune-antibody complex) What are the symptoms of SLE? - Correct answer-Women Inflammation in joints, tendons and other CT and organs. Butterfuly rash over cheeks and bridge of nose Individuals with SLE can have a false positive of what other disease? - Correct answerSyphilis What are the sensory and motor components of the gag reflex? - Correct answerSensory - Glossopharyngeal Motor - Vagus What ligament prevents excessive retraction of the TMJ? - Correct answer-TMJ ligament How does the TMJ get nutrients? - Correct answer-Through diffusion from the disk (synovial membrane and synovial fluid provide nourishment and lubrication) What artery supplies nutrients to the TMJ? - Correct answer-External carotid artery What structure passes deep to they hyoglossus muscle? - Correct answer-Lingual ARTERY Each of the following structures lies between the hyoglossus and the mylohyoid muscles EXCEPT one. - Correct answer-Lingual ARTERY What premolar has the shorter central groove and more supplemental grooves? - Correct answer-Second maxillary premolar Which premolar has a mesial groove? - Correct answer-Maxillary first premolar Which premolar has a lingual groove? - Correct answer-Mandibular first premolar Which tooth has the longest crown? - Correct answer-Mandibular canine What is the only tooth that has its root inclined mesially? - Correct answer-Mandibular canine You have to do a RCT on a mandibular canine. What is the most likely complication you may encounter? - Correct answer-Bifurcated root A bullet entering between teh 7th and 8th intercostal ribs would pierce which lobe of the lung? - Correct answer-Inferior lobe What is mesentery? - Correct answer-Tissue that connects the posterior wall of the peritoneal cavity to the jejunum What is cor pulomonale? - Correct answer-Right ventricular enlargement secondary to a lung disorder that causes pulmonary artery HTN. RV failure follows. What does pulmonary HTN do to the RV? - Correct answer-Increases afterload CHF is most common on which side? - Correct answer-RIGHT SIDE Enlargement of RV commonly from Pulmonary HTN Does not involve left side of heart Which vein comes off the renal vein on the left side, but the IVC on the right side? - Correct answer-Gonal vein What produces intrinsic factor? - Correct answer-Parietal cells (in the stomach) What is the difference between the IVC and portal veins? - Correct answer-Portal vein contains no valves What does streptomycin inhibit? - Correct answer-Bacterial protein production (translation) What type of antibiotic is streptomycin? - Correct answer-Aminoglycoside What is the cause of brown and grey tooth discoloration? - Correct answer-Tetracycline before the age of 2 What color does minocycline cause the teeth to turn? - Correct answer-Grey and BLUE What is the Granular layer of Tomes? - Correct answer-It is located within dentin located at the root of the tooth beneath the dentinocemental junction What structure pierces the buccinator muscle? - Correct answer-Parotid gland DUCT What type of collagen is present in the PDL? - Correct answer-Type I (mainly) Type III and V When are alveoli most negative? - Correct answer-At the beginning of inhalation What muscles abduct the scapula? - Correct answer-Serratus anterior Pectoralis What muscles retract the scapula? - Correct answer-Trapezius Rhomboids Where do the globular heads of C1q exclusively bind to? - Correct answer-CH2 domain of IgG CH3 domain of IgM What is the MOA of Diptheria toxin? - Correct answer-Inhibits protein synthesis (translation) A greyish pseudomembrane is found in an infection caused by a species of? - Correct answer-Corynebacteira diptheria What can be used to identify DNA restriction fragments? - Correct answer-Southern blot What is a restriction endonuclease used for? - Correct answer-To cut DNA What reaction requires Thiamine? - Correct answer-Pyruvate dehydrogenase An individual with multiple myleloma presents with what type of signs and symptoms? - Correct answer-Increased susceptibility to infection Accumulation of Bence-Jones protines Proteinuria "Punched out" lesions on xray Radiographs of a pts skull show "punched out" areas. Lab studies reveal hyperproteinemia and prteinuria. Which of the following represents the probably diagnosis of this condition? - Correct answer-Multiple myeloma Detergents kill bacteria by interfering with the function of what cell structure? - Correct answer-Cell membrane (specifically the fatty parts) What is the advantage of heat sterilization over autoclaving? - Correct answer-It can keep sharp instruments sharp What is aldosterone produced by? - Correct answer-Zona glomerulosa What is cortisol produced by? - Correct answer-Zona fasiculata What does ADH do? - Correct answer-Increases water permeability of the membranes in the distal tubules and collecting duct What does aldosterone do? - Correct answer-Causes the nephron to resorb more sodium and secretion of K in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct What organ does aldosterone act on? - Correct answer-Kidney Why can an impulse travel from one nerve to another in one direction? - Correct answer-Because the synapse limits the direction of travel What effects does carbon monoxide have on O2 and PO2? - Correct answerDECREASES O2 content PO2 remains the same MOA of jaundice? - Correct answer-Elevated serum bilirubin levels Jaundice does NOT result from which of the following: Gallstones Hepatitis A Hemolytic anemia Vitamin K deficiency Carcinoma of the common bile duct - Correct answer-Vitamin K deficiency What is staph aureus MOA of drug resistance? - Correct answer-Produces enzyme that breaks down penicillin Ricketsial diseases are destructive for what? - Correct answer-Endothelial cells What type of virus is Hep A? - Correct answer-RNA enterovirus (single stranded) What type of incubation does Hep A have? - Correct answer-Short How is Hep A transmitted? - Correct answer-Fecal/oral route What releases NE? - Correct answer-Postganglionic sympathetic ONLY Where are beta-1 adrenergic receptors found? - Correct answer-Heart What does activation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors do? - Correct answer-Increase contractile force and heart rate Where are beta-2 adrenergic receptors found? - Correct answer-On vascular and nonvascular SMOOTH MUSCLE What does activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors do? - Correct answer-Leads to vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle RELAXATION What can beta-2 adrenergic drugs be used to treat? - Correct answer-Asthma What do alpha receptors mediate? - Correct answer-Vasoconstrictor actions of catecholamines What do beta-2 agonists do? - Correct answer-Bronchodialtors for asthma by relaxing smooth airway mm What is aplasia? - Correct answer-A lack of cell growth or proliferation What is anaplasia? - Correct answer-Loss of cell differentiation and tissue organization What is metaplasia? - Correct answer-REVERSIBLE change in tissue type from one to another What is hypoplasia? - Correct answer-Under/incomplete development of a tissue or organ What is hyperplasia? - Correct answer-Production of many new cells Low concentration of extracellular potassium will result in? - Correct answerHyperpolarization High concentration of extracellular potassium will result in? - Correct answerDepolarization Macrostomia is fusion of what? - Correct answer-Failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the embryonic face What do beta sheets form? - Correct answer-Hydrogen bonds What needs a protein transporter to cross the cell membrane? - Correct answerGlucose (GLUT4) Where do the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei supply innervation and where do they send their axons through? - Correct answer-They supply parasympathetic innervation of the various salivary glands and send their axons through the facial (sup.) and glossopharyngeal (inf.) nerves Which roots are spread wider? Mandibular 1st or 2nd molar? - Correct answerMandibular 1st molar What nerve innervates the triceps? - Correct answer-Radial What does the axillary sheath surround? - Correct answer-Axillary vein Axillary artery 3 CHORDS of the brachial plexus What is in the carotid sheath? - Correct answer-Common carotid Internal jugular VAGUS nerve What do the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein go down and drain into? - Correct answer-Retromandibular vein What do the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular combine to form? - Correct answer-External jugular vein What does it mean if you have a steep articular eminence (60 degrees)? - Correct answer-Posterior cusps MAY be TALL What does it mean if you have a shallow articular eminence (45 degrees)? - Correct answer-Posterior cusps MUST be SHORTER The greater the vertical overlap...? - Correct answer-The LONGER the posterior cusps MAY be The lesser the vertical overlap...? - Correct answer-The SHORTER the posterior cusps MUST be Less horizontal overlap of the anteriors means...? - Correct answer-The LONGER the posterior cusps MAY be The greater the horizontal overlap of the anteriors means...? - Correct answer-The SHORTER the posterior cusps MUST be If ISS is 0mm? - Correct answer-Posterior cusps MAY be LONG, and central grooves MAY be NARROW If ISS is 1mm? - Correct answer-Posterior cusps MUST be SHORT, and central grooves MUST be WIDE How many nuclei do skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle have? - Correct answerSkeletal - multinucleated Cardiac - 1 nuclei Smooth - 1 nuclei Which types of muscle is sarcolemma present? - Correct answer-Skeletal and cardiac (striated muscles) Which type of muscle tissue does not have troponin? - Correct answer-Smooth What does smooth muscle have instead of troponin? - Correct answer-Calmodulin Which types of muscle contain tropomysin? - Correct answer-ALL When Ca2+ enters smooth muscle what happens? - Correct answer-It binds to calmodulin and the calmodulin activates myosin light chain kinase What are the three stages of healing? - Correct answer-Inflammatory phase - blood clot formation Reparative phase - cartilage callus Remodeling phase - forms compact bone using howship's lacunae H0ow long does it take cortical bone to form? - Correct answer-5-7 years What is woven bone? - Correct answer-Immature bone ("bundle bone") What is lamellar bone? - Correct answer-Secondary bone - this remodels woven bone What is cancellous bone? - Correct answer-Spongy or trabecular bone What is cortical bone? - Correct answer-Compact bone What innervates muscles below the vocal cord? - Correct answer-Recurrent laryngeal (from vagus) Except: Cricothyroid (external laryngeal nerve) What is the cricothyroid innervated by? - Correct answer-External laryngeal nerve What type of epithelium is present in salivary ducts? - Correct answer-Simple COLUMNAR epithelium What type of epithelium is present on the palate? - Correct answer-Keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium