Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization Study Guide
C. 1750 - 1900
Topic 6.1 Rationales for Imperialism from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 1. Explain Social Darwinism.
Explain how A range of cultural, religious, and racial the theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural
ideologies contributed ideologies were used to justify imperialism, selection as Charles Darwin perceived in plants and animals in nature.
to the development of including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the
imperialism from concept of the civilizing mission, and the
1750 to 1900. desire to religiously convert indigenous
populations. 2. Explain the concept of the “civilizing mission.”
The civilizing mission is a political rationale for military intervention and for
colonization purporting to facilitate the modernization and the Westernization of
indigenous peoples, especially in the period from the 15th to the 20th centuries
3. Explain how the ideology of Social Darwinism contributed to the
development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
By extending their arguments to address entire nations, some social Darwinists
justified imperialism on the basis that the imperial powers were naturally superior
and their control over other nations was in the best interest of human evolution.
4. Explain how the ideology of nationalism contributed to the
development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
Nationalism contributed to imperialism because the Europeans thought that their
nation was better and they needed to help civilize others. Also the countries which
were being ruled by the europeans often rebelled and had nationalistic ideologies.
Topic 6.2 State Expansion from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 5. Give a specific example of a state that strengthened their control over
Compare processes Some states with existing colonies strengthened existing colonies.
by which state power their control over those colonies and in some British in India or Dutch in Indonsia
shifted in various cases assumed direct control over colonies
parts of the world previously held by non-state entities.
from 1750 to 1900.
Non-state to state colonial control: 6. Explain King Leopold II and his involvement with the Congo.
, ● Shift from the private ownership of the King Leopold II, who owned the Congo Free State as a private enterprise,
Congo by King Leopold II to the
Belgium government systematically exploited the native population for his own commercial benefit, most
● Shift from the Dutch East India notably with the production of wild rubber. To enforce the rubber quotas, the
Company to Dutch government control colonists cut off the limbs of the natives as a matter of policy.
in Indonesia and Southeast Asia
European states as well as the United States
and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia 7. What territories did the US acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period?
and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese
influence declined. European states as well as the US and Japan, acquired territories throughout Asia
and the Pacific.
European states that expanded empires in
Africa:
● Britain in West Africa 8. What territories did Japan acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period?
● Belgium in the Congo The Japanese colonial empire constituted the overseas. The first overseas
● French in West Africa territories that Japan acquired were islands.
Many European states used both warfare and
diplomacy to expand their empires in Afric. 9. What factors led to the decline of the Spanish and Portugeuse based
on their height of power in the 1450 to 1750 time period?
Europeans established settler colonies in
some parts of their empires. Massacres during the wars, susceptibility to infectious european diseases, and
hardships endured during forced migrations all contributed to the decline in the
Settler colonies established in empires: Indian populations and the weakening resistance.
● New Zealand
The United States, Russia, and Japan 10. What is a settler colony?
expanded their land holdings by conquering and Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism that seeks to replace the original
settling neighboring territories.
population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers.
11. What settler colonies were established in this time period?
The British established settler colonies in southern Africa, Australia, and New
Zealand. The French established colonies in Algeria.
Topic 6.3 Indigenous Responses to State Expansion from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 12. What occurred during the Indian Revolt of 1857?
Explain how and why Increasing questions about political authority In late March 1857 a sepoy named Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at the
internal and external and growing nationalism contributed to military garrison in Barrackpore. He was arrested and then executed by the British
factors have influenced anticolonial movements. in early April. ... The seizure of Delhi provided a focus and set the pattern for the
the process of state
building from 1750 to Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, whole mutiny, which then spread throughout northern India.
1900. including direct resistance within empires and
the creation of new states on the peripheries. 13. What was the outcome?
Direct resistance: Many Indians died, and it created a sense of nationalism among Indians.
C. 1750 - 1900
Topic 6.1 Rationales for Imperialism from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 1. Explain Social Darwinism.
Explain how A range of cultural, religious, and racial the theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural
ideologies contributed ideologies were used to justify imperialism, selection as Charles Darwin perceived in plants and animals in nature.
to the development of including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the
imperialism from concept of the civilizing mission, and the
1750 to 1900. desire to religiously convert indigenous
populations. 2. Explain the concept of the “civilizing mission.”
The civilizing mission is a political rationale for military intervention and for
colonization purporting to facilitate the modernization and the Westernization of
indigenous peoples, especially in the period from the 15th to the 20th centuries
3. Explain how the ideology of Social Darwinism contributed to the
development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
By extending their arguments to address entire nations, some social Darwinists
justified imperialism on the basis that the imperial powers were naturally superior
and their control over other nations was in the best interest of human evolution.
4. Explain how the ideology of nationalism contributed to the
development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
Nationalism contributed to imperialism because the Europeans thought that their
nation was better and they needed to help civilize others. Also the countries which
were being ruled by the europeans often rebelled and had nationalistic ideologies.
Topic 6.2 State Expansion from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 5. Give a specific example of a state that strengthened their control over
Compare processes Some states with existing colonies strengthened existing colonies.
by which state power their control over those colonies and in some British in India or Dutch in Indonsia
shifted in various cases assumed direct control over colonies
parts of the world previously held by non-state entities.
from 1750 to 1900.
Non-state to state colonial control: 6. Explain King Leopold II and his involvement with the Congo.
, ● Shift from the private ownership of the King Leopold II, who owned the Congo Free State as a private enterprise,
Congo by King Leopold II to the
Belgium government systematically exploited the native population for his own commercial benefit, most
● Shift from the Dutch East India notably with the production of wild rubber. To enforce the rubber quotas, the
Company to Dutch government control colonists cut off the limbs of the natives as a matter of policy.
in Indonesia and Southeast Asia
European states as well as the United States
and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia 7. What territories did the US acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period?
and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese
influence declined. European states as well as the US and Japan, acquired territories throughout Asia
and the Pacific.
European states that expanded empires in
Africa:
● Britain in West Africa 8. What territories did Japan acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period?
● Belgium in the Congo The Japanese colonial empire constituted the overseas. The first overseas
● French in West Africa territories that Japan acquired were islands.
Many European states used both warfare and
diplomacy to expand their empires in Afric. 9. What factors led to the decline of the Spanish and Portugeuse based
on their height of power in the 1450 to 1750 time period?
Europeans established settler colonies in
some parts of their empires. Massacres during the wars, susceptibility to infectious european diseases, and
hardships endured during forced migrations all contributed to the decline in the
Settler colonies established in empires: Indian populations and the weakening resistance.
● New Zealand
The United States, Russia, and Japan 10. What is a settler colony?
expanded their land holdings by conquering and Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism that seeks to replace the original
settling neighboring territories.
population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers.
11. What settler colonies were established in this time period?
The British established settler colonies in southern Africa, Australia, and New
Zealand. The French established colonies in Algeria.
Topic 6.3 Indigenous Responses to State Expansion from 1750 to 1900
Learning Objective Historical Developments 12. What occurred during the Indian Revolt of 1857?
Explain how and why Increasing questions about political authority In late March 1857 a sepoy named Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at the
internal and external and growing nationalism contributed to military garrison in Barrackpore. He was arrested and then executed by the British
factors have influenced anticolonial movements. in early April. ... The seizure of Delhi provided a focus and set the pattern for the
the process of state
building from 1750 to Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, whole mutiny, which then spread throughout northern India.
1900. including direct resistance within empires and
the creation of new states on the peripheries. 13. What was the outcome?
Direct resistance: Many Indians died, and it created a sense of nationalism among Indians.
