CHAPTER 1
Q: Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?
A: Edward Thorndike
Q: The authors of this text believe that the future of psychology will ____.
A: combine and integrate new and existing perspectives
Q: As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to studies
using ____.
A: animals
Q: Beth has always enjoyed solving theoretical problems, is very good at math and statistics, and is excited to
learn more about experimental design. She may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology.
A: experimental
Q: The relationship between behavior and biology is ____.
A: reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
Q: In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology?
A: By studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
A: Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
Q: Who was a vocal proponent of dualism?
A: René Descartes
Q: Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind?
A: Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences.
Q: Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future,
and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a
social worker to connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to
psychological disorders does this exemplify?
A: The psychological model
Q: The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was one of the earliest thinkers to address the question, “What is the
mind?” He viewed the mind as three parts that must be in balance: ____.
A: reason, spirit, and appetite
Q: If we restrict our thinking about an aspect of mind to the information provided by one perspective, at worst,
the result may ____.
A: lead us in the wrong direction
Q: Which of the following statements about Freud’s work is true?
A: His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation.
Q: Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided
studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving?
A: cognition
Q: Any science that studies nonliving matter, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, is called
,a(n) ____ science.
A: physical
Q: A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly
anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record
personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.
A: introspection
Q: Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, as ____ informs us, eyewitness
testimony can be shaped by a community’s perceptions of race.
A: social psychology
Q: When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it ____.
A: indicates different points of view about behavior
Q: Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence?
A: “I hear what you’re saying.”
Q: The psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior of
individuals is called ____ psychology.
A: social
Q: Contemporary scientists studying the brain are ____.
A: monists
Q: Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after
taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of ____.
A: a behavior
Q: Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
A: Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
Q: Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
A: Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they “cram” for an exam?
Q: Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson’s views regarding human behavior?
A: I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of her tendencies.
Q: Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of whether four-year-olds who
are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy) perform differently in solitude than with other four-
year-olds. Which combination of research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study?
A: developmental psychology and social psychology
Q: Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis,
psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
A: Sigmund Freud
Q: William James’ impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that functionalism ____.
A: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
Q: It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not
lend itself well to ____.
, A: the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is least likely to be an example of classical conditioning?
A: A child hears a police siren for the first time and cries.
Q: In the 1970s, what initiated an explosion of knowledge about the connections between brain and behavior?
A: New methods for observing brain activity
Q: By the 1950s, the behaviorists’ disinterest in mental states and activity was challenged by scientists from
diverse fields, including linguistics and computer science, leading to ____.
A: a cognitive revolution
Q: Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching doorknobs, and being in
crowded public spaces such as subway cars. He washes his hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has
recently prescribed an antidepressant to increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological
disorders does this exemplify?
A: The medical model
Q: Empiricism profoundly influenced the foundations of ____.
A: science
Q: Josh has a doctoral degree in psychology and is a therapist in New York. His sister Sarah has a medical
degree and is in a residency program for psychiatry. Currently, the biggest difference between the two
professions is that, in contrast to Josh, Sarah can ____.
A: prescribe medication
Q: While attending the opening of her friend’s art exhibit, Lisbeth weighs the pros and cons of having a third
glass of wine. In Plato’s version of the mind, this is the role of the ____.
A: driver
Q: Psychology as a hub science tells us that ____.
A: many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people
Q: More recently, clinical and counseling psychologists have expanded their perspective to include ____.
A: the promotion of general well-being
Q: Between the 17th and 19th centuries, supernatural explanations for psychological disorders began to give
way to two scientific approaches: ____.
A: a medical model and a psychological model
Q: The psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors is called ____.
A: clinical psychology
Q: Skinner generalized his findings to complex human behaviors even though his subject pool was limited to
____.
A: rats and pigeons
Q: Contrary to popular belief during his time, Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on nerve conduction showed
that ____.
A: behavior is not instantaneous
Q: John B. Watson was ____.
Q: Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?
A: Edward Thorndike
Q: The authors of this text believe that the future of psychology will ____.
A: combine and integrate new and existing perspectives
Q: As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to studies
using ____.
A: animals
Q: Beth has always enjoyed solving theoretical problems, is very good at math and statistics, and is excited to
learn more about experimental design. She may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology.
A: experimental
Q: The relationship between behavior and biology is ____.
A: reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
Q: In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology?
A: By studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
A: Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
Q: Who was a vocal proponent of dualism?
A: René Descartes
Q: Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind?
A: Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences.
Q: Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future,
and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a
social worker to connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to
psychological disorders does this exemplify?
A: The psychological model
Q: The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was one of the earliest thinkers to address the question, “What is the
mind?” He viewed the mind as three parts that must be in balance: ____.
A: reason, spirit, and appetite
Q: If we restrict our thinking about an aspect of mind to the information provided by one perspective, at worst,
the result may ____.
A: lead us in the wrong direction
Q: Which of the following statements about Freud’s work is true?
A: His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation.
Q: Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided
studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving?
A: cognition
Q: Any science that studies nonliving matter, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, is called
,a(n) ____ science.
A: physical
Q: A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly
anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record
personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.
A: introspection
Q: Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, as ____ informs us, eyewitness
testimony can be shaped by a community’s perceptions of race.
A: social psychology
Q: When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it ____.
A: indicates different points of view about behavior
Q: Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence?
A: “I hear what you’re saying.”
Q: The psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior of
individuals is called ____ psychology.
A: social
Q: Contemporary scientists studying the brain are ____.
A: monists
Q: Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after
taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of ____.
A: a behavior
Q: Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
A: Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
Q: Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
A: Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they “cram” for an exam?
Q: Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson’s views regarding human behavior?
A: I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of her tendencies.
Q: Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of whether four-year-olds who
are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy) perform differently in solitude than with other four-
year-olds. Which combination of research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study?
A: developmental psychology and social psychology
Q: Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis,
psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
A: Sigmund Freud
Q: William James’ impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that functionalism ____.
A: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
Q: It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not
lend itself well to ____.
, A: the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is least likely to be an example of classical conditioning?
A: A child hears a police siren for the first time and cries.
Q: In the 1970s, what initiated an explosion of knowledge about the connections between brain and behavior?
A: New methods for observing brain activity
Q: By the 1950s, the behaviorists’ disinterest in mental states and activity was challenged by scientists from
diverse fields, including linguistics and computer science, leading to ____.
A: a cognitive revolution
Q: Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching doorknobs, and being in
crowded public spaces such as subway cars. He washes his hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has
recently prescribed an antidepressant to increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological
disorders does this exemplify?
A: The medical model
Q: Empiricism profoundly influenced the foundations of ____.
A: science
Q: Josh has a doctoral degree in psychology and is a therapist in New York. His sister Sarah has a medical
degree and is in a residency program for psychiatry. Currently, the biggest difference between the two
professions is that, in contrast to Josh, Sarah can ____.
A: prescribe medication
Q: While attending the opening of her friend’s art exhibit, Lisbeth weighs the pros and cons of having a third
glass of wine. In Plato’s version of the mind, this is the role of the ____.
A: driver
Q: Psychology as a hub science tells us that ____.
A: many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people
Q: More recently, clinical and counseling psychologists have expanded their perspective to include ____.
A: the promotion of general well-being
Q: Between the 17th and 19th centuries, supernatural explanations for psychological disorders began to give
way to two scientific approaches: ____.
A: a medical model and a psychological model
Q: The psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors is called ____.
A: clinical psychology
Q: Skinner generalized his findings to complex human behaviors even though his subject pool was limited to
____.
A: rats and pigeons
Q: Contrary to popular belief during his time, Hermann von Helmholtz’s work on nerve conduction showed
that ____.
A: behavior is not instantaneous
Q: John B. Watson was ____.
