Problem 8. All you need is love
Accommodation, The processes of responding to a negative action by the partner.
Altruism, Helping behaviour that does not benefit the helper.
Archival research, Non-experimental method involving the assembly of data, or reports of data,
collected by others.
Assortative mating, A non-random coupling of individual based on their resemblance to each other
on one or more characteristics.
Attachment behaviour, The tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the
mother or primary caregiver.
Attachment styles, Descriptions of the nature of people’s close relationships, thought to established
in childhood.
Automatic activation, According to Fazio, attitudes that have a strong evaluative link to situational
cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory.
Average effect, Humans have evolved to prefer average faces to those with unusual or distinctive
features.
Behaviourism, An emphasis on explaining observable behaviour in terms of reinforcement schedules.
Big five, The five major personality dimensions of extraversion/surgency, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect/openness to experience.
Close relationship, A relationship involving strong and frequent interdependence in many domains of
life.
Cognitive interdependence, A mental state characterized by a collective representation of the self-in-
relationship.
Commitment, The desire or intention to continue an interpersonal relationship.
Communal relationship, A relationship in which people reward their partner out of direct concern
and to show caring.
Companionate love, An emotional state characterized by affection for those whose lives are deeply
intertwined with one’s own.
Comparison level, A standard that develops over time, allowing us to judge whether a new
relationship is profitable.
Complementarity, The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each
to complete what is missing in the other.
Consummate love, Sternberg argues that this is the ultimate form of love, involving passion,
intimacy and commitment.
Cost-reward ratio, Tenet of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is
determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person.
Disclosure reciprocity, The tendency for one person’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a
conversational partner.
Distributive justice, The fairness of the outcome of a decision.
, Emotion-in-relationships model, Close relationships provide a context that elicits strong emotions
due to the increased probability of behaviour interrupting interpersonal expectations.
Equity theory, The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs
experienced by both parties are roughly equal.
Evaluative conditioning, How we can come to like or dislike something through an association with
something we already like or dislike.
Exchange relationship, A relationship in which people exchange rewards in order to receive benefits
in return.
Halo effect, The tendency to assume that people who have one good trait also have other good traits.
Homogamy, Marriage between individuals who are similar to each other.
Hospitalism, A state of apathy and depression noted among institutionalised infants deprived of close
contact with a caregiver.
Implicit measures, Implicit measures aim to assess attitudes that respondents may not be willing to
report directly, or of which they may not even be aware.
Ingratiation, The use of strategies such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another’s favour.
Instinct, Innate drive or impulse, genetically transmitted.
Interdependence, A situation in which each person’s thoughts, emotions and behaviours influence
those of other people.
Intimacy, A positive emotional bond that includes understanding and support.
Investment model, The theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends not only on their
satisfaction with the relationship, but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that
would be lost by ending it.
Law of attraction, Attraction towards a person bears a linear relationship to the actual proportion of
similar attitudes shared with the person.
Love, A combination of emotions, cognitions and behaviours that can be involved in intimate
relationships.
Mere-exposure effect, people’s tendency to develop a preference for things merely because they are
familiar with them.
Meta-analysis, Statistical procedure that combines data from different studies to measure the overall
reliability and strength of specific effects.
Michelangelo effect, Causes individuals to develop towards what they consider their “ideal selves”.
This happens because their partner sees them and acts around them in ways that promote this ideal.
Minimax strategy, In relating to others, we try to minimise the costs and maximise the rewards that
accrue.
Need to affiliate, The urge to form connections and make contact with other people.
Partner regulation, Strategy that encourages a partner to match an ideal stander of behaviour.
Procedural justice, The fairness of the procedure used to make a decision.
Accommodation, The processes of responding to a negative action by the partner.
Altruism, Helping behaviour that does not benefit the helper.
Archival research, Non-experimental method involving the assembly of data, or reports of data,
collected by others.
Assortative mating, A non-random coupling of individual based on their resemblance to each other
on one or more characteristics.
Attachment behaviour, The tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the
mother or primary caregiver.
Attachment styles, Descriptions of the nature of people’s close relationships, thought to established
in childhood.
Automatic activation, According to Fazio, attitudes that have a strong evaluative link to situational
cues are more likely to automatically come to mind from memory.
Average effect, Humans have evolved to prefer average faces to those with unusual or distinctive
features.
Behaviourism, An emphasis on explaining observable behaviour in terms of reinforcement schedules.
Big five, The five major personality dimensions of extraversion/surgency, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect/openness to experience.
Close relationship, A relationship involving strong and frequent interdependence in many domains of
life.
Cognitive interdependence, A mental state characterized by a collective representation of the self-in-
relationship.
Commitment, The desire or intention to continue an interpersonal relationship.
Communal relationship, A relationship in which people reward their partner out of direct concern
and to show caring.
Companionate love, An emotional state characterized by affection for those whose lives are deeply
intertwined with one’s own.
Comparison level, A standard that develops over time, allowing us to judge whether a new
relationship is profitable.
Complementarity, The popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each
to complete what is missing in the other.
Consummate love, Sternberg argues that this is the ultimate form of love, involving passion,
intimacy and commitment.
Cost-reward ratio, Tenet of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is
determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person.
Disclosure reciprocity, The tendency for one person’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a
conversational partner.
Distributive justice, The fairness of the outcome of a decision.
, Emotion-in-relationships model, Close relationships provide a context that elicits strong emotions
due to the increased probability of behaviour interrupting interpersonal expectations.
Equity theory, The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs
experienced by both parties are roughly equal.
Evaluative conditioning, How we can come to like or dislike something through an association with
something we already like or dislike.
Exchange relationship, A relationship in which people exchange rewards in order to receive benefits
in return.
Halo effect, The tendency to assume that people who have one good trait also have other good traits.
Homogamy, Marriage between individuals who are similar to each other.
Hospitalism, A state of apathy and depression noted among institutionalised infants deprived of close
contact with a caregiver.
Implicit measures, Implicit measures aim to assess attitudes that respondents may not be willing to
report directly, or of which they may not even be aware.
Ingratiation, The use of strategies such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another’s favour.
Instinct, Innate drive or impulse, genetically transmitted.
Interdependence, A situation in which each person’s thoughts, emotions and behaviours influence
those of other people.
Intimacy, A positive emotional bond that includes understanding and support.
Investment model, The theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends not only on their
satisfaction with the relationship, but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that
would be lost by ending it.
Law of attraction, Attraction towards a person bears a linear relationship to the actual proportion of
similar attitudes shared with the person.
Love, A combination of emotions, cognitions and behaviours that can be involved in intimate
relationships.
Mere-exposure effect, people’s tendency to develop a preference for things merely because they are
familiar with them.
Meta-analysis, Statistical procedure that combines data from different studies to measure the overall
reliability and strength of specific effects.
Michelangelo effect, Causes individuals to develop towards what they consider their “ideal selves”.
This happens because their partner sees them and acts around them in ways that promote this ideal.
Minimax strategy, In relating to others, we try to minimise the costs and maximise the rewards that
accrue.
Need to affiliate, The urge to form connections and make contact with other people.
Partner regulation, Strategy that encourages a partner to match an ideal stander of behaviour.
Procedural justice, The fairness of the procedure used to make a decision.
