Topic 1.1. Analyse different types of crime. In-class activity 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

WHAT IS WHITE COLLAR CRIME? CRIMES THAT ARE COMMITTED BY PEOPLE WHO HOLD A POSITION OF POWER OR AUTHORITY. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME? DEFRAUDING CUSTOMERS, TAX EVASION, BREAKING HEALTH AND SAFETY LAWS, POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT, AND ILLEGALLY DISCRIMINATING AGAINST THEIR EMPLOYEES. WHO ARE EXAMPLES OF OFFENDERS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME? COMPANY DIRECTORS, MANAGERS, AND PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS LAWYERS, ACCOUNTANTS, DOCTORS, AND DENTISTS. HOW DOES EDWIN SUTHERLAND DEFINE WHITE COLLAR CRIME? AS: "A CRIME COMMITTED BY A PERSON OF RESPECTABILITY AND HIGH SOCIAL STATUS IN THE COURSE OF THEIR OCCUPATION." WHAT ARE THE TWO SUB-GENRES OF WHITE COLLAR CRIMES? CORPORATE CRIME, AND PROFESSIONAL CRIME. WHAT IS CORPORATE CRIME? A CRIME THAT IS COMMITTED BY, OR ON BEHALF OF A COMPANY. WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF CORPORATE CRIME? CHEATING CUSTOMERS, OR EVADING TAX TO INCREASE PROFITS. WHAT IS PROFESSIONAL CRIME? A CRIME THAT IS COMMITTED BY A PROFESSIONAL. WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF PROFESSIONAL CRIME? AN ACCOUNTANT STEALING A CLIENT'S FUNDS. WHO ARE EXAMPLES OF VICTIMS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME? CONSUMERS, TAX PAYERS AND THE GOVERNMENT, EMPLOYEES, AND THE PUBLIC AT LARGE. HOW ARE CONSUMERS VICTIMS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIMES? COMPANIES MAY MAKE FALSE CLAIMS IN ADVERTISEMENT, OR SELL DANGEROUS GOODS. HOW ARE TAXPAYERS AND THE GOVERNMENT VICTIMS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIMES? COMPANIES WHO DO NOT PAY TAX ARE DEFRAUDING OTHER TAXPAYERS AND DEPRIVING THE GOVERNMENT OF FUNDS TO FINANCE PUBLIC SERVICES. HOW ARE EMPLOYEES VICTIMS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIMES? EMPLOYERS MIGHT SUBJECT THEIR WORKERS TO BULLYING, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, OR RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. HOW IS THE PUBLIC AT LARGE A VICTIM OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME? EVERYONE SUFFERS WHEN COMPANIES POLLUTE THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH ILLEGALLY DUMPING TOXIC WASTE, OR BY SELLING CARS THAT BREACH EMISSION STANDARDS. STEVE TOMBS HAS CALCULATED THAT HOW MANY DEATHS A YEAR ARE WORK RELATED? 1,100. WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME? LOW - IT IS OFTEN SAID TO BE INVISIBLE. WHY IS THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS FOR WHITE COLLAR CRIMES LOW? MEDIA COVERAGE, UNDER-REPORTING, DE-LABELING, COMPLEXITY, POWER AND RESPECTABILITY. HOW DOES MEDIA COVERAGE AFFECT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS? MEDIA COVERAGE IS VERY LIMITED. HOW DOES UNDER-REPORTING AFFECT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS? VICTIMS DO NOT REPORT WHITE COLLAR CRIMES BECAUSE THEY DO NOT KNOW THAT THEY ARE VICTIMS, DINT REGARD IT AS A REAL CRIME, OR FEEL IT WONT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE. HOW DOES DE-LABELLING AFFECT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS? OFFENCES CAN OFTEN BE LABELLED AS BREACHES OF REGULATION RATHER THAN CRIMES. HOW DOES COMPLEXITY AFFECT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS? FINANCIAL CRIMES CAN BE COMPLEX AND LAW ENFORCERS CAN LACK RESOURCES AND KNOWLEDGE TO INVESTIGATE THESE CRIMES EFFECTIVELY. HOW DOES POWER AND RESPECTABILITY AFFECT THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS? THE OFFENDERS' HIGH STATUS MEANS THAT THEY ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE PERCEIVED AS CRIMINALS AND MAY HAVE THE POWER AND WEALTH TO AVOID PROSECUTION. IS WHITE COLLAR CRIME DEVIANT OR CRIMINAL? BOTH. WHY IS WHITE COLLAR CRIME CRIMINAL? THEY INVOLVE BREAKING CRIMINAL LAW. WHY IS WHITE COLLAR CRIME DEVIANT? BECAUSE THE CRIMES CAN CAUSE GREAT HARM AND OFTEN INVOLVE A BETRAYAL OF TRUST. WHAT IS MORAL CRIME? ACTS THAT GO AGAINST SOCIETY'S NORMS OR MORAL CODE. WHAT IS A MORAL CODE? A SET OF ACCEPTED VALUES AND RULES OF BEHAVIOUR. WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF MORAL CRIMES? PROSTITUTION, SELLING OR POSSESSING ILLEGAL DRUGS, BEGGING, VAGRANCY, AND UNDERAGE DRINKING OR SOMKING CIGARETTES. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE VICTIMS AND OFFENDERS OF MORAL CRIMES? THEY ARE OFTEN THE SAME PERSON. WHY ARE MORAL CRIMES CONSIDERED 'VICTIMLESS'? BECAUSE THEY OFTEN OCCUR BETWEEN CONSENTING ADULTS. WHY DO OFFENDERS COMMIT MORAL CRIMES? IT COULD BE A SOURCE OF INCOME, PART OF DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESS, OR THEY HAVE BEEN FORCED INTO THE OFFENCE THROUGH PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES. WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS AROUND MORAL CRIME? LOW. WHY IS THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS OF MORAL CRIME LOW? SOMETIMES THERE IS A SHARED INTEREST BETWEEN THE OFFENDER AND THE VICTIM IN CONCEALING THE OFFENCE, OTHER TIMES THE PUBLIC MAY NOT BE AWARE THAT SOMETHING IS AN OFFENCE. WHAT CRIME IS THE PUBLIC OFTEN UNAWARE IS A CRIME? VAGRANCY. ARE MORAL CRIMES CRIMINAL OR DEVIANT? THEY BREAK THE LAW BUT IT IS OFTEN SEEN AS DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR BECAUSE THEY ARE SEEN AS A PERSONAL MATTER RATHER THAN A CRIMINAL ONE.