NCM 112 LEC | MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING by: tinyya~
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (ASHD)
- Heart Disease
- The main problem in this disease is the ‘Atherosclerosis’
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Abnormal accumulation/buildup of fatty substances & fibrous
tissues in the arterial lining
Causes blockage & narrowing of the coronary vessels →
reduction of blood flow to the myocardium → inadequate tissue
perfusion even of the vital organs & peripheral tissues.
Predisposing Factors
Family history – ↑ risk of having CAD if there’s someone in the family w/ CAD
Increasing age – ↑ risk of Atherosclerosis bcs. of less flexibility & pliability of the arteries as we age
Gender – initially, more common in male; but recently, statistics showed that there are equal
occurrence/prevalence among male & female in all ages
Race – common among Americans
Precipitating Factors
Hyperlipidemia – elevation of low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) → plaque formation
Smoking – has three-fold effects on the heart:
o Inhalation of smoke could cause ↑ of CO2 that can damage the blood vessel wall & promote
cholesterol deposits, hence, ↓ the blood O2 supply to the myocardium
o Nicotine is both a stimulant & vasoconstrictor w/c stimulates the sympathetic nervous system &
triggers the release of catecholamines (catecholamines can ↑ the workload of the heart & O2
demand that → chronic increase in BP & HR)
o Smoking also ↑ the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein that causes vascular endothelium
damage
Hypertension – high BP could result to damage of blood vessel wall; ↑ workload of left ventricle that
can result to enlargement & thickening of the myocardium → heart failure
Vocabulary:
Hyperlipidemia – means your blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol & triglycerides. This condition
increases fatty deposits in arteries & the risk of blockages.
Dyslipidemia – it’s the imbalance of lipids such as cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), triglycerides,
and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (ASHD)
- Heart Disease
- The main problem in this disease is the ‘Atherosclerosis’
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Abnormal accumulation/buildup of fatty substances & fibrous
tissues in the arterial lining
Causes blockage & narrowing of the coronary vessels →
reduction of blood flow to the myocardium → inadequate tissue
perfusion even of the vital organs & peripheral tissues.
Predisposing Factors
Family history – ↑ risk of having CAD if there’s someone in the family w/ CAD
Increasing age – ↑ risk of Atherosclerosis bcs. of less flexibility & pliability of the arteries as we age
Gender – initially, more common in male; but recently, statistics showed that there are equal
occurrence/prevalence among male & female in all ages
Race – common among Americans
Precipitating Factors
Hyperlipidemia – elevation of low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) → plaque formation
Smoking – has three-fold effects on the heart:
o Inhalation of smoke could cause ↑ of CO2 that can damage the blood vessel wall & promote
cholesterol deposits, hence, ↓ the blood O2 supply to the myocardium
o Nicotine is both a stimulant & vasoconstrictor w/c stimulates the sympathetic nervous system &
triggers the release of catecholamines (catecholamines can ↑ the workload of the heart & O2
demand that → chronic increase in BP & HR)
o Smoking also ↑ the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein that causes vascular endothelium
damage
Hypertension – high BP could result to damage of blood vessel wall; ↑ workload of left ventricle that
can result to enlargement & thickening of the myocardium → heart failure
Vocabulary:
Hyperlipidemia – means your blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol & triglycerides. This condition
increases fatty deposits in arteries & the risk of blockages.
Dyslipidemia – it’s the imbalance of lipids such as cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), triglycerides,
and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
