NURS 6501 / NURS6501 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology | Already Rated A| Questions and Answers | Latest 2022 / 2023

NURS 6501 / NURS6501 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology | Already Rated A| Questions and Answers | Latest 2022 / 2023 1. Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? ~ Answer: Plasma oncotic 2. How are the secretion of ADH and the perception of thirst stimulated? ~ Answer: Increased plasma osmolality 3. Thirst activates osmoreceptors by an increase in which blood plasma component? ~ Answer: Osmotic pressure 4. What are natriuretic peptides? ~ Answer: Hormones that include atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and urodilatin synthesized within the kidney. 5. These hormones are natural antagonists to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 6. What do natriuretic peptides do? ~ Answer: The natriuretic peptides decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion. 7. When changes in total body water are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes, what type of alteration occurs? ~ Answer: Isotonic 8. Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced? ~ Answer: Renin 9. What condition should a patient with hypernatremia be assessed for? ~ Answer: Hypersecretion of aldosterone 10. Clinical manifestations of severe hypernatremia such as confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma, are caused by what mechanism? ~ Answer: High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink 11. What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? ~ Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance 12. The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? ~ Answer: Lymphatic obstruction 13. Why is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia? ~ Answer: Insulin transports potassium from the blood into the cell along with glucose 14. A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between? ~ Answer: Intracellular and extracellular potassium cations