30 TOEFL Grammar Study Guide in (advanced level)
1. Subjunctive mood
2. Gerunds and infinitives with idiomatic expressions
3. Noun clauses
4. Adverb clauses
5. Relative clauses
6. Verb + infinitive or -ing forms
7. Verb patterns (Phrasal verbs, multi-word verbs)
8. Passive voice with modals and causative verbs
9. Past participles as adjectives
10. Count and noncount nouns with quantifiers
11. Prepositional phrases with idiomatic expressions
12. Expressing contrast and comparison (although, however, etc.)
13. Expressing purpose and result (so that, too, etc.)
14. Advanced conditional sentences (zero, first, second, third type)
15. Expressing speculation and assumption (might, may, must, etc.)
16. Complex adjective clauses
17. Compound nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
18. Word forms (prefixes, suffixes, roots)
19. Linking words (and, or, but, etc.)
20. Correct word usage and vocabulary (near synonear-synonymss, etc.)
21. Sentence connectors (however, therefore, thus, etc.)
22. Correct verb tense usage in complex sentences
23. Correct use of articles (a, an, the)
24. Correct use of prepositions (in, on, at, etc.)
25. Correct use of pronouns (he, she, it, etc.)
26. Correct use of verb forms (base form, -s form, -ing form, etc.)
27. Correct use of adjective forms (positive, comparative, superlative)
28. Correct use of adverb forms (positive, comparative, superlative)
29. Correct use of subject-verb agreement in complex sentences
30. Correct use of parallel structure in sentences and lists.
1. Subjunctive Mood: The subjunctive mood is used to express various states of unreality, such as doubt,
wish, doubt, necessity, or a hypothetical situation. It can also be used to express feelings or opinions and
to make polite requests or suggestions.
, Examples:
If I were a rich man, I would travel the world. (Unreal condition)
I suggest that the committee meets tomorrow. (Polite suggestion)
He must be here on time. (Necessity)
Some more examples:
If I were you, I would take that opportunity. (Hypothetical situation)
I wish I could speak French fluently. (Wish)
It's crucial that the meeting starts on time. (Necessity)
Will the train arrive on time? (Doubt)
I request that you turn off your cell phone. (Polite request)
Use cases:
The subjunctive mood is often used in formal writing, such as legal documents, academic papers, and
official statements. It is also commonly used in journalism, where the subjunctive mood helps to convey
objectivity and detachment. In everyday conversation, the subjunctive mood can be used to make polite
requests or suggestions or to express hypothetical or counterfactual situations.
In summary, the subjunctive mood expresses uncertainty, doubt, wishes, and conditions that are not
necessarily based on reality. It is useful for conveying subtle differences in meaning, expressing opinions,
or making polite requests.
2. Gerunds and Infinitives with Idiomatic Expressions: Gerunds and infinitives can be used with idiomatic
expressions to express various meanings, such as reason, purpose, result, or method.
Examples:
I enjoy listening to music. (Reason)
I came here to see the concert. (Purpose)
The lecture was so boring that I fell asleep. (Result)
He needs to study harder if he wants to pass the test. (Method)
1. Subjunctive mood
2. Gerunds and infinitives with idiomatic expressions
3. Noun clauses
4. Adverb clauses
5. Relative clauses
6. Verb + infinitive or -ing forms
7. Verb patterns (Phrasal verbs, multi-word verbs)
8. Passive voice with modals and causative verbs
9. Past participles as adjectives
10. Count and noncount nouns with quantifiers
11. Prepositional phrases with idiomatic expressions
12. Expressing contrast and comparison (although, however, etc.)
13. Expressing purpose and result (so that, too, etc.)
14. Advanced conditional sentences (zero, first, second, third type)
15. Expressing speculation and assumption (might, may, must, etc.)
16. Complex adjective clauses
17. Compound nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
18. Word forms (prefixes, suffixes, roots)
19. Linking words (and, or, but, etc.)
20. Correct word usage and vocabulary (near synonear-synonymss, etc.)
21. Sentence connectors (however, therefore, thus, etc.)
22. Correct verb tense usage in complex sentences
23. Correct use of articles (a, an, the)
24. Correct use of prepositions (in, on, at, etc.)
25. Correct use of pronouns (he, she, it, etc.)
26. Correct use of verb forms (base form, -s form, -ing form, etc.)
27. Correct use of adjective forms (positive, comparative, superlative)
28. Correct use of adverb forms (positive, comparative, superlative)
29. Correct use of subject-verb agreement in complex sentences
30. Correct use of parallel structure in sentences and lists.
1. Subjunctive Mood: The subjunctive mood is used to express various states of unreality, such as doubt,
wish, doubt, necessity, or a hypothetical situation. It can also be used to express feelings or opinions and
to make polite requests or suggestions.
, Examples:
If I were a rich man, I would travel the world. (Unreal condition)
I suggest that the committee meets tomorrow. (Polite suggestion)
He must be here on time. (Necessity)
Some more examples:
If I were you, I would take that opportunity. (Hypothetical situation)
I wish I could speak French fluently. (Wish)
It's crucial that the meeting starts on time. (Necessity)
Will the train arrive on time? (Doubt)
I request that you turn off your cell phone. (Polite request)
Use cases:
The subjunctive mood is often used in formal writing, such as legal documents, academic papers, and
official statements. It is also commonly used in journalism, where the subjunctive mood helps to convey
objectivity and detachment. In everyday conversation, the subjunctive mood can be used to make polite
requests or suggestions or to express hypothetical or counterfactual situations.
In summary, the subjunctive mood expresses uncertainty, doubt, wishes, and conditions that are not
necessarily based on reality. It is useful for conveying subtle differences in meaning, expressing opinions,
or making polite requests.
2. Gerunds and Infinitives with Idiomatic Expressions: Gerunds and infinitives can be used with idiomatic
expressions to express various meanings, such as reason, purpose, result, or method.
Examples:
I enjoy listening to music. (Reason)
I came here to see the concert. (Purpose)
The lecture was so boring that I fell asleep. (Result)
He needs to study harder if he wants to pass the test. (Method)
