Lowdermilk chapter 16 Labor and Birth Processes 2023 with complete solution questions and answers

1. A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away. The nurse's answer is based on the knowledge that the anterior fontanel closes after birth by: 18 months The larger of the two fontanels, the anterior fontanel closes by 18 months after birth. When assessing a woman in labor, the nurse is aware that the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another is called fetal: Attitude Attitude is the relation of the fetal body parts to each other. What position is least effective when gravity is desired to assist in fetal descent? Lithotomy The predominant position in the United States for physician-attended births is the lithotomy position which is least effective to work with gravity. When assessing the fetus using Leopold maneuvers, the nurse feels a round, firm, movable fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus and a long, smooth surface in the mother's right side close to midline. What is the likely position of the fetus? a. ROA b. LSP c. RSA d. LOA ANS: C The nurse recognizes that a woman is in true labor when she states: "The contractions in my uterus are getting stronger and closer together." Regular, strong contractions with the presence of cervical change indicate that the woman is experiencing true labor. The nurse has received a report about a woman in labor. The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm, 30%, and -2. The nurse's interpretation of this assessment is that: The cervix is 3 cm dilated, it is effaced 30%, and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines A pregnant woman is at 38 weeks of gestation. She wants to know if any signs indicate "labor is getting closer to starting." The nurse informs the woman that which of the following is a sign that labor may begin soon? Surge of energy Women speak of having a burst of energy before labor. A woman may lose 0.5 to 1.5 kg, before labor. To adequately care for a laboring woman, the nurse should know which stage of labor varies the most in length? The First Stage of Labor - lasts from the onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation of the cervix. In a first-time pregnancy, the first stage of labor can take up to 20 hours. How long does the second stage of labor last? The second stage of labor lasts from a fully dilated cervix to the birth of fetus. Average length is 20 minutes for a multiparous woman and 50 minutes for a nulliparous woman. The nurse expects which maternal cardiovascular finding during labor? Increased cardiac output During each contraction, 400 ml of blood is emptied from the uterus into the maternal vascular system. How long does the third stage of labor last? The third stage of labor lasts from the birth of the fetus until the placenta is delivered. This stage may be as short as 3 minutes or as long as 1 hour. What is the 4th stage of labor and how long does it last? The fourth stage of labor, recovery, lasts about 2 hours after delivery of the placenta.