HWP 1 Recap 2 revised:
A. Matrix for Monists and Pluralists (Pre-Socratics)
Name Primary Principle (P1) Mover/Cause of Other Comments
Change (P2)
Milesians of Ionians 1. Water 1. Water
1. Thales 2. Air 2. Air Anaximander edges
2. Anaximenes 3. Apeiron 3. Apeiron the two because
3. Anaximander (boundless) (something apeiron is seen to be
transcendent) both within and
outside the
principle.
Pythagoreans Number Measurement and Something about the
regularity found in soul is said, i.e. that
number it is immortal but
will undergo
purification. Hint: it
is preexistent than
body.
Heraclitus Change (becoming, Fire (Opposition) The “obscure.”
impermanence) Change gives rise to
impermanence,
chaos, and
absurdity.
Parmenides Unchange Static Being Being is one.
Other Eleatics: (permanence) No change does not
Zeno Zeno: impossibility of explain the obvious
motion and variety presence of variety
(paradoxes) and multiplicity in
the world.
Democritus Atoms (infinite) Eternal Motion Why the atoms
(automatic) (directionless)
always move is not
clear; what makes
them move?
“Atoms” as term is
retained by science
together with
“elements” of
Empedocles.
Empedocles Four elements or roots Love and hatred The nature of forces
(fire, water, earth, air) of love and hatred is
not clear or defined.
Anaxagoras Homoiomeries or seeds Nous (spiritual Why are the rest of
force) the seeds (same) are
reducible to
1
A. Matrix for Monists and Pluralists (Pre-Socratics)
Name Primary Principle (P1) Mover/Cause of Other Comments
Change (P2)
Milesians of Ionians 1. Water 1. Water
1. Thales 2. Air 2. Air Anaximander edges
2. Anaximenes 3. Apeiron 3. Apeiron the two because
3. Anaximander (boundless) (something apeiron is seen to be
transcendent) both within and
outside the
principle.
Pythagoreans Number Measurement and Something about the
regularity found in soul is said, i.e. that
number it is immortal but
will undergo
purification. Hint: it
is preexistent than
body.
Heraclitus Change (becoming, Fire (Opposition) The “obscure.”
impermanence) Change gives rise to
impermanence,
chaos, and
absurdity.
Parmenides Unchange Static Being Being is one.
Other Eleatics: (permanence) No change does not
Zeno Zeno: impossibility of explain the obvious
motion and variety presence of variety
(paradoxes) and multiplicity in
the world.
Democritus Atoms (infinite) Eternal Motion Why the atoms
(automatic) (directionless)
always move is not
clear; what makes
them move?
“Atoms” as term is
retained by science
together with
“elements” of
Empedocles.
Empedocles Four elements or roots Love and hatred The nature of forces
(fire, water, earth, air) of love and hatred is
not clear or defined.
Anaxagoras Homoiomeries or seeds Nous (spiritual Why are the rest of
force) the seeds (same) are
reducible to
1
