BIOD 121: Nutrition Model 1 Already Graded A+

BIOD 121: Nutrition Model 1 Already Graded A+ What are the five dimensions of health Ans- physical health intellectual health emotional health social health spiritual health Food Ans- provides energy in terms of calories Nutrients Ans- 1) promote growth and development 2) maintain tissue, cells, and bones 3) fuel the body for physical and metabolic work 4) regulate body processes Hunger Ans- internal drive often experiences as a negative sensation such as churning, growling, or stomach pain appetite Ans- external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and can lead us to eat even if we aren't hungry Gastrointestinal (GI) tract Ans- The main sites in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Also called the digestive tract. Hormones Ans- compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control the function of another type of cell. Hormones that Increase hunger Ans- Ghrelin Endorphins Neuropeptide-Y Hormones that Decrease hunger (cause satiety) Ans- Leptin Serotonin Cholecystokinin (CKK) Leptin Ans- Alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. Leptin production occurs in adipose (fat) cells Ghrelin Ans- produced by the stomach and has an opposing role: traveling to the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center External Forces of why we make the food choices we do- Ans- 1. Sensory: eg. taste, smell, texture, color, moisture, temperature 2. Cognitive: eg. habits, comfort food, advertising, social factors nutritional value 3. Environmental: economics. lifestyle, culture/religion, environment 4. Health Status: physical restrictions, declining taste due to medications, age/gender essential nutrients Ans- nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food -over 45 -six classes that serve 3 general functions (energy, regulation, contribute to cellular and body structure What are the six classes of nutrients Ans- carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water Carbohydrates Ans- composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen complex or simple forms found in starches and sugars broken down into glucose—a source of energy for cells and tissue function: primary source of energy sources: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legumes (Organic, Macronutrient) Lipids (Fat) Ans- composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen triglycerides (fats or oils), cholesterol, and phospholipids function: energy source, structure, and regulation sources: fats, oils, meats, and dairy products; with a few exceptions, fruits and vegetables are naturally low in fat/lipids. (Organic, Macronutrient) Protein Ans- composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well as nitrogen made of smaller building blocks called amino acids function: energy source, structure, and regulation sources: meats, dairy products, legumes, vegetables, and grains (Organic, Macronutrient) Vitimans Ans- composed of carbon and hydrogen and may contain other elements fat soluble: A, D, E, K water soluble: B vitamins and vitamin C function: regulation sources: all food groups (Organic, Micronutrient) Minerals Ans- simple inorganic substances macro-minerals: 16 minerals needed in relatively large quantities micro-minerals: only needed in small amounts and often referred to as the trace minerals functions: structure and regulation sources: all food groups (Inorganic, Micronutrient) Water Ans- chemically, the simplest nutrient but the most important functions: structure and regulation sources: beverages and foods (Inorganic) Energy Ans- The ability to do work Energy is used to... Ans- build new compounds perform muscular movements (mechanical energy