EDA3046
EXAM PACK
SUMMARY
GUIDES
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
2023 TO 2024
, 1
Environmental Education
Definition of environmental education from the icon
Environmental education is a process during which values are discovered and concepts
explained in order to develop skills and attitudes pertaining to an appreciation of the
relationship between man, his culture and his biophysical environment. Environmental
education also includes the practice of decision-making and the formulation of a personal code
of conduct on matters affecting the quality of the environment.
Concepts values:
Internalized standards used to direct and develop actions, maintain attitudes and take
moral decisions.
integrated set of attitudes
A collection of views according to a set of behavior norms and standards
What an individual would like to be true
Motivating factors in people’s lives
Values may be classified according to the following categories:
Intrinsic, unchanging values necessary for human existence, universal values, inferred,
relative, instrumental, special, extrinsic, ethereal values, universal values, specific values,
group values, personal values
Ethical rules: We should behave towards the environment in a way that:
Satisfies own needs
Satisfies needs of others
Considers needs other species
Satisfaction needs of other species should not interfere with the satisfaction of basic
human needs
Satisfaction involves adequate nutrition, hygiene, safe habitat, shelter and medical care
Ecological rules
Ecosystems monitored continuously
Population growth limited
The use of exhaustible resources stopped entirely
Do not harvest more agricultural products and other products from an ecosystem than
ecosystem can produce.
No tax on ecosystems that process waste products naturally beyond their capacity (SEA)
, 2
Social rules
Economic policy- guidelines to preserve the quality of environment
Per Capita Consumption of resources should be reduced each individual should use less
scarce resources
Use of private motor transport restricted in urban areas
Cars should use less energy
Do not buy products in disposable packaging
Do not dump garbage in vacant areas
No more than 2 children per family
Values and culture
Values culture indoctrination
associated with Affects the way May occur if
ethnic, cultural and and extent to which an individuals are not
socioeconomic individual values the allowed an
background environment opinion
1 person value Environmental Environmental
system affects one’s education needs to be education needs to
behaviour sensitive to cultural stimulate discussion and
Environmental beliefs and values debate
education promote around
Positive value environmental issues in
order to challenge
archaic views
Values and decision making
Positive or negative decisions through experience in the environment
Day to day decisions made by ordinary officials
Decisions on how to teach and promote environmental education
Attitudes or behavioral change
Attitudes have a cognitive (knowledge), volitional (will) and an affective (emotion)
component
Attitudes can be general or specific
Vary in intensity/ depth on the depth or intensity of the persons convictions
Individual or belong to a group
, 3
largely subconscious
Create a state of tension and readiness to act
Plays a role in the mental process or thoughts
Develop from partly personal experiences and though – education and influence
Attitudes can be changed through formal education and non-formal sector
Positive influences leads to positive performances in learners attitude towards the
environment
Decision making skills
Government level: documents are published (white paper 1989) and laws are passed
Education department level: a decision was made (environmental policy)
Management level: decisions made in the private sector and trade unions and the general
public influences decisions
Concepts in environmental education
When teaching concepts, introduce the concept, define the concept, identify distinctive
features, provide examples and practice the recognition and utilization of the concept.
Concepts on Environmental education
Concep Title of concept information on concept
t no.
1 The earth as a closed system: the • factors: sunlight, rain, temperature, wind,
concept of “ecosystem” energy, soil, plants, animals and fungi
• Everything interrelates with everything else
• renewable and non-renewable resources
2 human interaction with the • personal awareness of impact
environment ; every action has an • effect of consumer and market
effect on the environment influences (economics)
• energy needed to maintain the current standard
of
living
3 Cycles • water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, minerals, life-
death, growth decomposition
• relationship between cycles
• circulation of consumer products/manufacturing
• competition, adaptation & succession as natural
relations
• energy flow no longer cyclic once energy lost
4 Management of the environment • effective use of resources: plants
and & animals, domesticated and wild
EXAM PACK
SUMMARY
GUIDES
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
2023 TO 2024
, 1
Environmental Education
Definition of environmental education from the icon
Environmental education is a process during which values are discovered and concepts
explained in order to develop skills and attitudes pertaining to an appreciation of the
relationship between man, his culture and his biophysical environment. Environmental
education also includes the practice of decision-making and the formulation of a personal code
of conduct on matters affecting the quality of the environment.
Concepts values:
Internalized standards used to direct and develop actions, maintain attitudes and take
moral decisions.
integrated set of attitudes
A collection of views according to a set of behavior norms and standards
What an individual would like to be true
Motivating factors in people’s lives
Values may be classified according to the following categories:
Intrinsic, unchanging values necessary for human existence, universal values, inferred,
relative, instrumental, special, extrinsic, ethereal values, universal values, specific values,
group values, personal values
Ethical rules: We should behave towards the environment in a way that:
Satisfies own needs
Satisfies needs of others
Considers needs other species
Satisfaction needs of other species should not interfere with the satisfaction of basic
human needs
Satisfaction involves adequate nutrition, hygiene, safe habitat, shelter and medical care
Ecological rules
Ecosystems monitored continuously
Population growth limited
The use of exhaustible resources stopped entirely
Do not harvest more agricultural products and other products from an ecosystem than
ecosystem can produce.
No tax on ecosystems that process waste products naturally beyond their capacity (SEA)
, 2
Social rules
Economic policy- guidelines to preserve the quality of environment
Per Capita Consumption of resources should be reduced each individual should use less
scarce resources
Use of private motor transport restricted in urban areas
Cars should use less energy
Do not buy products in disposable packaging
Do not dump garbage in vacant areas
No more than 2 children per family
Values and culture
Values culture indoctrination
associated with Affects the way May occur if
ethnic, cultural and and extent to which an individuals are not
socioeconomic individual values the allowed an
background environment opinion
1 person value Environmental Environmental
system affects one’s education needs to be education needs to
behaviour sensitive to cultural stimulate discussion and
Environmental beliefs and values debate
education promote around
Positive value environmental issues in
order to challenge
archaic views
Values and decision making
Positive or negative decisions through experience in the environment
Day to day decisions made by ordinary officials
Decisions on how to teach and promote environmental education
Attitudes or behavioral change
Attitudes have a cognitive (knowledge), volitional (will) and an affective (emotion)
component
Attitudes can be general or specific
Vary in intensity/ depth on the depth or intensity of the persons convictions
Individual or belong to a group
, 3
largely subconscious
Create a state of tension and readiness to act
Plays a role in the mental process or thoughts
Develop from partly personal experiences and though – education and influence
Attitudes can be changed through formal education and non-formal sector
Positive influences leads to positive performances in learners attitude towards the
environment
Decision making skills
Government level: documents are published (white paper 1989) and laws are passed
Education department level: a decision was made (environmental policy)
Management level: decisions made in the private sector and trade unions and the general
public influences decisions
Concepts in environmental education
When teaching concepts, introduce the concept, define the concept, identify distinctive
features, provide examples and practice the recognition and utilization of the concept.
Concepts on Environmental education
Concep Title of concept information on concept
t no.
1 The earth as a closed system: the • factors: sunlight, rain, temperature, wind,
concept of “ecosystem” energy, soil, plants, animals and fungi
• Everything interrelates with everything else
• renewable and non-renewable resources
2 human interaction with the • personal awareness of impact
environment ; every action has an • effect of consumer and market
effect on the environment influences (economics)
• energy needed to maintain the current standard
of
living
3 Cycles • water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, minerals, life-
death, growth decomposition
• relationship between cycles
• circulation of consumer products/manufacturing
• competition, adaptation & succession as natural
relations
• energy flow no longer cyclic once energy lost
4 Management of the environment • effective use of resources: plants
and & animals, domesticated and wild
