ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep All Answers Correct

ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep All Answers Correct mesocortical pathway Ans- executive function: attention, focus, depression nigrostriatal pathway Ans- from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's mesolimbic pathway Ans- projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling Tuberoinfundibular pathway Ans- regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania Dopamine Ans- produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways Serotonin Ans- 5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical antipsychotics. Norepinephrine Ans- produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance GABA Ans- inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines. ACTH Ans- motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in Alzheimer's disease hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) Ans- CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and depression hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) Ans- TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite. hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) Ans- GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause infertility problems. gray matter Ans- neurons are found frontal lobe Ans- executive function, voluntary movement, speech (Broca's area) Temporal lobe Ans- memory, cognition, speech, emotions (aka limbic area) parietal lobe Ans- receive and process sensory input Wernicke's area Ans- temporal and parietal lobes; speech amygdala Ans- fear response. hippocampus Ans- memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala HIPAA Ans- 1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3. request amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for disclosure of medical issues forensic nursing Ans- based on crime committed and investigational aspects correctional nursing Ans- offender's current mental health and medical condition research utilization process Ans- critique, synthesize, apply, measure PICO question Ans- patient, intervention, comparison, outcome internal validity Ans- when the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome) external validity Ans- when the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized descriptive statistics Ans- used to describe the basic features of the data in the study standard deviation Ans- indication of the possible deviations from the mean variance Ans- how the values are dispersed around the mean - the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores inferential statistics Ans- numerical value that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond immediate data alone - generated by quantitative research designs t-test Ans- assess whether means of 2 groups are statistically different from each other ANOVA Ans- analysis of variance - tests difference of 3 or more groups Pearson's r-correlation Ans- relationship between 2 variables probability Ans- 0-1: likelihood of an event occurring p value Ans- level of significance: describes the probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone HOPE Ans- sources of hope, organized religion, personal spirituality, effects on medical care/end of life OLDCARTS for HPI Ans- onset, location, duration, character, alleviating/aggravating factors, radiation, time of occurrence, severity Cranial Nerves Ans- Olfactory, optic, ocular motor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory spinal, hypoglossal dysdiadochokinesia Ans- inability to perform rapid alternating movements (finger to thumb), cerebellar lesion astereognosis Ans- inability to distinguish objects (such as paperclip) based on touch, parietal lesion Free T4 Ans- 0.8-2.8 TSH Ans- 0.4-0.5 - decreases when T3 & T4 are high, increases when T3 & T4 are low. Elevated in primary hypothyroidism. Values may decrease with aspirin, steroids, and heparin. Values may increase with lithium. calcium Ans- 8.8-10.5. 99% found in bone. major cation for bones and teeth. higher in kids because of bone growth. sodium Ans- 135-148 magnesium Ans- 1.3-2.1. chloride Ans- 98-106 potassium Ans- 3.5-5.1. value decrease with lithium, diuretics. marijuana use can elevate K ALT Ans- 5-35. AST Ans- 5-40 GGT Ans- gamma glutamyl transpeptidase - 10-38. Used to evaluate alcohol abuse because levels rise after only a small ingestion of alcohol. teratogenic risks of benzodiazepines Ans- floppy baby, cleft palate teratogenic risks of tegretol Ans- neural tube defects teratogenic risks of lithium Ans- Epstein anomaly teratogenic risks of depakote Ans- neural tube defects such as spina bifida Rogers Ans- Humanistic theory: person centered therapy Beck Ans- CBT Lazarus Ans- Behavioral therapy Marsha Linehan Ans- DBT Frankle Ans- Existentialism: reflection on life and encouragement of self-confrontation. "Why am I here? What is my purpose?" Klerman and Weissman Ans- Interpersonal therapy: time limited, problem focused Shapiro Ans- EMDR: used to treat PTSD Yalom Ans- Group therapy: 10 guiding principles for group Bowen Ans- Family systems theory Minuchin Ans- Structured family therapy Satir Ans- Experiential therapy: behavior is determined by personal experience. Focus is on being authentic Haley Ans- Strategic therapy: symptoms are metaphors and reflect problems in the hierarchal structure deShazer, O'Hanlon, Berg Ans- Solution-focused therapy: miracle questions, exception finding questions, scaling questions PANDAS Ans- pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated wi