Drug Cards 2023 with verified questions and answers

Acetaminophen Generic Name: Acetaminophen Trade Name: Tylenol Classification: Non-narcotic Analgesic, Antipyretic Action/Effects: Antipyretic Activity, Analgesic Activity - Inhibition of central & peripheral prostaglandin synthesis Indication: Fever, Pain Contraindication: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Possible Sleepiness Adult Dose: 325-1000mg p.o. or Rectal (every 4 hours) Pediatric Dose: 15mg/kg p.o. or Rectal (caution on max dose)(Liquid Form) Max: 4gms per day Cautions: Extreme caution must be used when considering the use on a suspected liver dysfunction. Activated Charcoal 4 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Activated Charcoal Trade Name: Actidose, Super Char, Charcodate, Liqui-Char, Aqua-Char Classification: Antidote, Adsorbent Action/Effects: A fine black powder with liquid that adsorbs poisonous compounds to its surface, reducing the absorption. Indication: Oral poisonings Over dose of a non caustic or other burning poison Contraindication: Do NOT use in caustic acids, alkalis, irons tablets & lithium. There is NO value for the ETOH OD pt. Side Effects: Constipation is possible, vomiting Adult & Pediatric Dose: 1gm/kg PO or slow Nasogastric or Orogastric tubes Cautions: Some people like to spit it out at YOU! Adenosine Generic Name: Adenosine Trade Name: Adenocard Classification: Antiarrhythmic Action/Effects: Slows supraventricular tachycardia rhythms by decreasing the electrical activity in the AV node. It may interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node. Indication: PSVT Rhythm (after vagal maneuvers) Contraindication: Second or Third degree AV Block, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Syncope, Chest Pain, facial flushing, SOB, Lightheadedness, Hypotension Adult Dose: 6mg IV push with 20cc NS fluid bolus, a repeat dose of 12mg in 1-2 minutes up to 2X may be given if not converted. Pediatric Dose: 0.1mg/kg rapid IV push followed by 5cc bolus, repeat 0.2mg/kg x 1 Cautions: Half life is 5 seconds. Pediatric doses don't exceed adult doses/ refrigeration will crystallize this drug/ caffeine will antagonize this drug/ overdose is usually self-limiting because of half-life Albuterol Generic Name: Albuterol Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin Classification: Sympathomimetic, Bronchodilator Action/Effects: A beta2-adrenergic agonist which helps relax the bronchial smooth muscles Indication: Asthma, Relief of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease. Possible Contraindications: Cardiac dysrhythmias, Tachyarrhythmia's, Angina, HTN, diabetes Side Effects: Tremors, Dizziness, Palpitations, Tachycardia Adult Dose: 2.5mg/3ml of N Pediatric Dose: 2.5mg in 3cc NS 1 year old, 1.5mg in 3cc NS 1 year old Cautions: Pt may have used inhaler, tablets, syrup, or solution/ can interact with diuretics, digoxin, beta-blockers, & MAO inhibitors/ can have toxicity effects on vascular system if used with tricyclic antidepressants Amyl Nitrate Generic Name: Amyl Nitrate Trade Name: Vaporole Classification: Vasodilator, Cyanide Antidote Action/Effects: Causes oxidation of hemoglobin to the compound of methemoglobin. Vasodilatation, including coronary artery dilation. Smooth muscle relaxant Indication: Cyanide poisoning Contraindication: None when given for cyanide poisoning Side Effects: Hypotension with syncope, Headache, Nausea & Vomiting Adult Dose: 0.3ml or an Amyl Nitrate glass ampule Other: Break ampule & hold for 30 seconds, then 100% O2 for 50-100 seconds, monitor blood pressure Aspirin Generic Name: Aspirin Trade Name: ASA, Baby Aspirin, Bayer Classification: Anti-platelet, Antipyretic Action/Effects: Decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs clotting time. Antipyretic Activity Indication: MI, Coronary Artery Disease, Pericarditis Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, Pt. already on anticoagulants, Bleeding Disorders Side Effects: Heart Burn, Nausea, Wheezing, Tinnitus Adult Dose: 160-325mg (2-4 tablets 81mg per tablet) Expected Dose: 324mg Cautions: Pediatrics, GI bleeds, & Bleeding Disorders Atropine Sulfate 9 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Atropine Sulfate Trade Name: Atropine Classification: Cardiac Stimulant, Parasympatholytic, Anticholinergic agent Action/Effects: Increases HR, Contractility, Automaticity, Conduction, & Dilation of the peripheral vessels Indication: Asystole, Symptomatic Bradycardia, PEA Organophosphate Poisoning Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, Tachycardia, 2nd & 3rd degree heart block, Unstable Hemorrhage with MI Side Effects: Increased Cardiac consumption, Dryness in mouth, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea & Vomiting Adult Dose: Brady 0.5mg, Asystole 1mg q 3-5 min IV,ET 2-5mg for Organophosphate Poisoning (Vary w/Pt. symptoms) Pediatric Dose: 0.02mg/kg IV, ET Minimum dose 0.1mg Cautions: A-Fib, A-Flutter, Glaucoma, & COPD Diazepam 10 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Diazepam Trade Name: Valium Classification: Benzodiazepine, Anticonvulsant Action/Effects: Antianxiety & anticonvulsant activity. Acts on the CNS Indication: Status Epilepticus, Severe Anxiety, Pacing Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, Depressed Vital Signs, CNS depressions due to head trauma Side Effects: Respiratory Depression, Hypotension, Slurred Speech, Confusion, Nausea, Ataxia Adult Dose: 5-20mg IV/ET/IO Expected Dose: 5 mg IV increasing to desired effects, half dose on elderly patients Pediatric Dose: Pediatric 0.1mg/kg IV/ET/IO 0.5mg/kg PR Cautions: EMT's carry nothing to reverse a benzodiazepine over dose. Diphenhydramine 11 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Diphenhydramine Trade Name: Benadryl Classification: Antihistamine Action/Effects: Blocks histamine receptors. Produces a strong antiemetic effect. Anticholinergic activity. Indication: Anaphylaxis, Allergic reaction Contraindication: Asthma, Hypersensitivity, Pregnancy, nursing mothers Side Effects: Thicken bronchial secretions, Hypotension, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Tremors Adult Dose: 25-50mg IM/IV, 15-30 min onset Expected Dose: 50mg IM Pediatric Dose: 1-2mg/kg IM/IV Note: Deliver IM injections into deep muscle mass & alternate sites Dopamine 12 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Dopamine Trade Name: Intropin Classification: Sympathomimetic, Inotrope Action/Effects: Naturally occurring neurotransmitter. Stimulates dopaminergic, beta1/alpha1 adrenergic receptors in a dose dependant amount. Indication: Cardiogenic shock & hypotension not resulting from hypovolemia Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, V-Fib, tachydysrhythmias Side Effects: Ventricular irritability, Hypertension, Headache, Infiltration causes necrosis, Nausea, Vomiting Adult/Pediatric Dose: 800mg in a 500cc D5W or NS Expected Dose: 2-20mcg/kg/min titrating to effect, onset within 2 min Cautions: If possible correct hypovolemia before Dopamine treatment DO NOT MIX with NaHCO3 D5W 14 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: D5W (Dextrose 5%) Trade Name: Classification: Hypotonic Solution Action/Effects: . Indication: Mixing medications (Lidocaine, Dopamine) Contraindication: Side Effects: Adult Dose: Medication Dependant Expected Dose: N/A Pediatric Dose: N/A Cautions: Use caution if used for main IV solution Epinephrine 15 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Epinephrine 1-1,000 Trade Name: Adrenalin 1-1,000 Classification: Bronchodilator, Cardiac Stimulant, Sympathomimetic Action/Effects: SQ = Bronchodilator & relief of bronchial edema, Beta 1&2 IV = Increases HR, Vasoconstricts, Alpha 1 & Beta 1 Indication: Anaphylaxis, Acute Allergic Reactions, Asthma, Shock Side Effects: Acute Hypertension, Anxiety, tremor, & palpitations Adult Dose: 0.3-0.5mg SQ. 1 mg IV for shock Infusion: as inotrope/pressor. 1 mg in 500ml NS = 2 mcg/ml titrated to effect: Usual range 2 - 10 mcg/minute (0.01 - 0.1 mcg/kg/minute). (Raise BP S 70-100) Pediatric Dose: 0.01mg/kg with a max dose of 0.3mg for anaphylaxis 0.1mg/kg ET (1-1,000) q 3-5 min w/3-5cc flush for cardiac Cautions: Use caution with pregnancy & preexisting heart disease Note: Be sure you are using the correct Epinephrine. Both Epinephrines' can have the same uses depending upon how they are administered. Epinephrine 1-10,000 17 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Epinephrine 1-10,000 Trade Name: Adrenalin 1-10,000 Classification: Sympathomimetic, Cardiac Stimulant, Bronchodilator Action/Effects: Increases cardiac resistance, BP, Electrical activity, O2 Needs, contractility, & myocardial activity. Alpha 1 & Beta 1 Indication: Cardiac Arrest V-Fib, V-Tach, Asystole, PEA, & profound Bradycardia Side Effects: Hypertension, Peripheral constriction Adult Dose: 0.5-1mg IV every 3-5 minutes (ET is 2-2 ½ time the dose w/20cc flush) Expected Dose: 1mg IV Max: None in a life threatening emergency Pediatric Dose: 0.01mg/kg IV/IO with a max dose of 1mg IV 0.1mg/kg ET (1-1,000) q 3-5 min w/3-5cc flush Cautions: DO NOT mix with NaHCO3, Heat destroys this drug Fentanyl 18 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Fentanyl Trade Name: Sublimaze Classification: Opioid Analgesic Action/Effects: Combines with receptors sites in brain to produce potent analgesic effects. Indication: Pain Control, Possible sedation with approved protocol. (RSI) Contraindication: Respiratory Depression, Hypotension, Head injury, Dysrhythmias, Myasthenia gravis (Muscles tires easy), Hypersensitivity. Side Effects: Respiratory depression, Bradycardia, Hypotension or Hypertension, ICP, Nausea Adult Dose: 25-50mcg IV, IM Max: 100mcg Ped Dose: Over 2 y/o 0.5-1mcg/kg IV/IM Slow Push (Rarely used in Prehospital) Cautions: Use Caution with elderly, Schedule II drug (addictive) Furosemide 19 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Furosemide Trade Name: Lasix Classification: Loop Diuretic Action/Effects: Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium & chloride in the kidney tubule & promotes increased urine formation & excretion Indication: Pulmonary Edema, CHF Contraindication: Pregnancy, Hypovolemic, & Hypokalemia Side Effects: Dehydration, hypotension, Tinnitus/hearing impairment with long term, excessive use, & administering to pushing fast Adult Dose: 20-80mg IV SLOW push Pediatric Dose: 1mg/kg Cautions: PUSH slowly & lower doses to avoid Tinnitus. Glucagon 20 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Glucagon Trade Name: GlucaGen Classification: Pancreatic Hormone, Insulin Antagonist Action/Effects: Raises glucose level by using the glycogen in the liver for glucose. Stimulating glucose synthesis Indication: Hypoglycemia Contraindication: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Hypotension, Nausea, Hypokalemia Adult Dose: 1mg IM/IV but usually given IM Pediatric Dose: 0.02-0.03mg/kg IM/IV with max of 1mg Cautions: Pt. may have home emergency glucagon kit May be used w/calcium channel blocker&beta-blocker toxicity Dextrose 21 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Glucose or Dextrose Trade Name: D 50, 50% Dextrose Classification: Carbohydrate Action/Effects: Raises BSL, using electrolytes Indication: Hypoglycemia Contraindication: Intracranial Hemorrhage, & possible CVA. Consider D25 Side Effects: Tissue necrosis if infiltration occurs with IV Adult Dose: 25-50gms IV/IO only (lower doses may be given) Expected Dose: 25gm/50ml given slowly Pediatric Dose: 0.5-1gm/kg IV/IO with a max of 25gms (D25 for Under 1y/o) (D10 for Under 1 month old) Cautions: Tissue necrosis if infiltration occurs with IV Haloperidol 22 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Haloperidol Trade Name: Haldol Classification: Antipsychotic Action/Effects: Blocks the stimulation of dopamine receptors in the brain, altering mood & behavior Indication: Acute psychotic episodes Contraindication: Severe toxic CNS depression, Coma, Parkinson's disease, Head injury, Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Orthostatic Hypotension, Parkinson like symptoms, N & V, blurred vision, headache, drowsiness, diaphoresis Adult Dose: 2-10mg IM / IV Expected Dose: 5mg IM Cautions: Use cautions with patients that have cardiovascular disorders, Receiving Anticonvulsants, and anticoagulants. Not recommended for pediatrics. Hydroxocobalamin 23 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Hydroxocobalamin Trade Name: Cyanokit Classification: Cyanide Antidote Action/Effects: Hydroxocobalamin combines with cyanide to form cyanocobalamin which is excreted through the kidneys Indication: Known or suspected cyanide exposure Contraindication: None prehospital Side Effects: Turns the patient bright red, transient hypertension. Adult Dose: 5.0 g (in two vials of 2.5 g) each reconstituted with 100 mL of NS infused over 15 minutes Pediatric Dose: Contact medical control. 70 mg/kg up to 5 g. Cautions: None prehospital. Suspect cyanide intoxication in victims of smoke inhalation from closed space with altered mental status, unstable vital signs, or cardiorespiratory arrest. Ibuprofen 24 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Ibuprofen Trade Name: Advil, Motrin Classification: Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory, NSAID Action/Effects: Reduces the inflammatory response through the chemotaxis. Reduces the fever by blocking the prostaglandin synthesis Indication: Fever, Pain, Inflammation Reducer Contraindication: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: G.I. intolerance, many others possible Adult Dose: 200-800mg p.o. every 6-8 hours Pediatric Dose: 10mg/kg p.o. max of 40mg/kg per day (liquid form) Cautions: You may want to alternate with Acetaminophen Lactated Ringers 25 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Lactated Ringers Trade Name: LR Classification: Isotonic fluid but is slightly more hypertonic than NS Action/Effects: Assist in fluid replacement for dehydration or blood loss Indication: IV fluid for IV maintenance or Electrolyte replacement Precautions: CVA, Diabetics, Mixing with blood sets. Adult Dose: 200-500cc Pediatric Dose: 20cc/kg for fluid replacement Max: 60cc/kg or 2-3 liters of fluid Lidocaine HCL 26 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Lidocaine HCL Trade Name: Xylocaine, Xylocard Classification: Antiarrhythmic Agent Action/Effects: Decreases the depolarization, automaticity, & excitability in the in the ventricles during the diastolic phase by the direct action on the tissue, especially the Purkinje network, without involvement of the autonomic system. Indication: V-fib/ V-Tach, Post V-fib/ V-Tach (after conversion), possible symptomatic PVC's Contraindication: Bradycardia, AV Heart Blocks Side Effects: Seizures, Coma, Respiratory depression may occur if given rapidly or in high doses, Sinus Brady, Hypotension Adult & Pediatric Dose: 0.75-1.5mg/kg IV/ET/IO q 3-5 min followed by a drip of 1-4mg/minute depending on prior boluses Expected Dose: 1mg/kg IV/IO or 2 ½ times the dose for ET ½ intial dose for 2nd and susquent dosing Max: 3 doses Cautions: ½ doses for over 70 years old, ½ dose for liver disease pt Meperidine HCL 28 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Meperidine HCL Trade Name: Demerol Classification: Narcotic Analgesic, Opioid Analgesic Action/Effects: Addictive narcotic that depresses the CNS & may relieve pain Indication: Relief of moderate to severe pain Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, MAO inhibitors, Head injury Side Effects: Depressed respirations & BP, Tremor, Nausea, Vomiting Adult Dose: 50-100mg IM/IV Expected Dose 50mg followed by an anti-emetic slow IVP Pediatric Dose: 1-2mg/kg Cautions: May mix with promethazine for increase & potentiate analgesics Midazolam 29 Quick Drug Knowledge Generic Name: Midazolam Trade Name: Versed Classification: Short acting benzodiazepine, CNS depressant, Anti-seizure Action/Effects: Anti-seizure, anti-convulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant Indication: Conscious sedation, memory impairment, seizures Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, depressed CNS, shock Cautions: Pregnancy CAT B. Should not be used in patients who have taken CNS depressants Side Effects: Depressed CNS, N/V, blurred vision, headache, retrograde amnesia Adult & Pediatric Dose: IV 0.1mg/kg slow [1-5min] IN 0.2mg/kg max 1cc per nostril IM 0.1mg/kg [15-30min] Expected Dose ADULT IVIM 2-5mg, IN 5-10mg MAX