CALT Exam Study Guide 2
closed syllable - ✔ A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A
vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - ✔ A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in
an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - ✔ A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc
diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - ✔ A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e.
(Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent,
cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - ✔ A syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has
a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable
Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - ✔ A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an
unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - ✔ two adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - ✔ Two letters that come together in an unexpected way. (example: qu,
wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - ✔ Two adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together. (Code it
with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - ✔ Three adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (examples:
tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - ✔ Four adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (example:
eigh)
phoneme - ✔ The smallest unit of sound
morpheme - ✔ The smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of language
(base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
Alphabetic Principle - ✔ The relationship between letters in a left to right orientation,
and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word. The English
language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26 letters.
Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population will
closed syllable - ✔ A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A
vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - ✔ A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in
an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - ✔ A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc
diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - ✔ A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e.
(Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent,
cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - ✔ A syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has
a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable
Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - ✔ A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an
unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - ✔ two adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - ✔ Two letters that come together in an unexpected way. (example: qu,
wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - ✔ Two adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together. (Code it
with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - ✔ Three adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (examples:
tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - ✔ Four adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (example:
eigh)
phoneme - ✔ The smallest unit of sound
morpheme - ✔ The smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of language
(base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
Alphabetic Principle - ✔ The relationship between letters in a left to right orientation,
and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word. The English
language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26 letters.
Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population will
