Strephosymbolia - ✔ means twisted symbols. The first term Orton used for dyslexia.
phonetics - ✔ the study of speech sounds in spoken language
phonological awareness - ✔ the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at
the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
phonemic awareness - ✔ awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words
phonics - ✔ instruction that connects sounds and letters
synthetic phonics - ✔ explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole words
alphabetic principle - ✔ the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print
by written letters
consonant - ✔ blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech sounds with air
flow that is constricted or obstructed
vowel - ✔ open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds produced by the
passage of air through an open vocal tract
phonology - ✔ the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
fluency - ✔ reading with rapidity and automaticity
prosody - ✔ the rhythmic flow of oral reading
pragmatics - ✔ set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language,
rules we communicate by
syntax - ✔ sentence structure, grammar, usage
semantics - ✔ content of language, used to express knowledge of the world around us
- meaning
phoneme - ✔ smallest unit of sound in a syllable
spelling - ✔ sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect grapheme to phoneme
orthography - ✔ the spelling of written language
orthographic memory - ✔ memory of letter patterns and word spellings
metalinguistics - ✔ awareness of language as an entity
,guided discovery - ✔ a method of leading students to new learning through questioning
Heuristic - ✔ means to discover by demonstration
grapheme - ✔ a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
decoding - ✔ word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken down to determine
a word
blending - ✔ fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
reading - ✔ symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
morpheme - ✔ the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix, prefix, root or stem
such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling ability greatly depend
on knowledge of word structure at the level of morphemes.
morphology - ✔ the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units that make words
fricative - ✔ a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the
teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
nasal sound - ✔ a sound produced by forcing air out through th nose / n / / m /
continuant sound - ✔ a sound prolonged in its production / m / / s / / f /
stop consonant sound - ✔ a sound obstructed / they must be clipped off / b / / d /
aspiration - ✔ puff of air
Norman Invasion - ✔ 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English language, William the
Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought words like furniture, painter, tailor,
beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for
the j. Alphabet complete at 26 letters
Number words one to a thousand - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most of the basic color words - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
The names of farm, forest and ocean animals - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Outer body parts - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short, common everyday words: the, run, and, play, work - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
, Words with gh: laugh, cough, right, high - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ck: pick, duck, sack - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with k: king, kiss, kilt, hook - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with kn or gn in initial position: knee, knife, gnat, gnash - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with tw: twin, twilight, between - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with wr: write, wring, wrist - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with ch pronounced /ch/ chest, cheap - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with tch: witch, hatch, match - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with dge: edge, ridge, hedge - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with th: this, these, bath - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with wh: why, while, when - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with double consonants: better, ladder, carrot - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words that end in ff, ll ss Floss Words - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ow: plow, snow, brow, blow - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with silent letters: walk, should, thumb, listen - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Wild Old Words: mind, most, kind - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most pronouns: he, she, us - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most F. S. S. words handle, thimble, twinkle - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with hard g before e and i: gift, giddy, girl, begin - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ng - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Long words, three or more syllables: marvelous, fascinate - ✔ Latin
Words with ct: act, direct, conduct - ✔ Latin
Words with pt: apt, erupt, attempt - ✔ Latin
phonetics - ✔ the study of speech sounds in spoken language
phonological awareness - ✔ the ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at
the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
phonemic awareness - ✔ awareness of speech sounds or phonemes in spoken words
phonics - ✔ instruction that connects sounds and letters
synthetic phonics - ✔ explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or whole words
alphabetic principle - ✔ the understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print
by written letters
consonant - ✔ blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of speech sounds with air
flow that is constricted or obstructed
vowel - ✔ open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech sounds produced by the
passage of air through an open vocal tract
phonology - ✔ the rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language
fluency - ✔ reading with rapidity and automaticity
prosody - ✔ the rhythmic flow of oral reading
pragmatics - ✔ set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and use of language,
rules we communicate by
syntax - ✔ sentence structure, grammar, usage
semantics - ✔ content of language, used to express knowledge of the world around us
- meaning
phoneme - ✔ smallest unit of sound in a syllable
spelling - ✔ sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect grapheme to phoneme
orthography - ✔ the spelling of written language
orthographic memory - ✔ memory of letter patterns and word spellings
metalinguistics - ✔ awareness of language as an entity
,guided discovery - ✔ a method of leading students to new learning through questioning
Heuristic - ✔ means to discover by demonstration
grapheme - ✔ a letter or letter cluster that represents a single speech sound
decoding - ✔ word recognition in which the phonetic code is broken down to determine
a word
blending - ✔ fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into meaningful units
reading - ✔ symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
morpheme - ✔ the smallest meaningful unit of language - a suffix, prefix, root or stem
such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling ability greatly depend
on knowledge of word structure at the level of morphemes.
morphology - ✔ the study of word formation patterns, meaningful units that make words
fricative - ✔ a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the
teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
nasal sound - ✔ a sound produced by forcing air out through th nose / n / / m /
continuant sound - ✔ a sound prolonged in its production / m / / s / / f /
stop consonant sound - ✔ a sound obstructed / they must be clipped off / b / / d /
aspiration - ✔ puff of air
Norman Invasion - ✔ 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English language, William the
Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought words like furniture, painter, tailor,
beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for
the j. Alphabet complete at 26 letters
Number words one to a thousand - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most of the basic color words - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
The names of farm, forest and ocean animals - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Outer body parts - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short, common everyday words: the, run, and, play, work - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
, Words with gh: laugh, cough, right, high - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ck: pick, duck, sack - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with k: king, kiss, kilt, hook - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with kn or gn in initial position: knee, knife, gnat, gnash - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with tw: twin, twilight, between - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with wr: write, wring, wrist - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with ch pronounced /ch/ chest, cheap - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with tch: witch, hatch, match - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words with dge: edge, ridge, hedge - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with th: this, these, bath - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with wh: why, while, when - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with double consonants: better, ladder, carrot - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
One-syllable words that end in ff, ll ss Floss Words - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ow: plow, snow, brow, blow - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Short words with silent letters: walk, should, thumb, listen - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Wild Old Words: mind, most, kind - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most pronouns: he, she, us - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Most F. S. S. words handle, thimble, twinkle - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with hard g before e and i: gift, giddy, girl, begin - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Words with ng - ✔ Anglo-Saxon
Long words, three or more syllables: marvelous, fascinate - ✔ Latin
Words with ct: act, direct, conduct - ✔ Latin
Words with pt: apt, erupt, attempt - ✔ Latin
