Public Health Nursing: Chapter 2 Test Bank

Public Health Nursing: Chapter 2 Test Bank 1. In the past, what term was used to identify population-centered nurses? a. District nurses b. Almshouse nurses c. Soldier nurses d. Sisters ANS: A In the past, population-centered nurses have been called public health nurses (PHNs), district nurses, visiting nurses, school nurses, occupational health nurses, and home health nurses. Many women who performed nursing functions in almshouses and early hospitals in Great Britain were poorly educated, untrained, and often undependable. The original soldier nurses worked with Florence Nightingale at Scutari. Various groups of "sisters" have been used throughout history to care for the poor. 2. A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting. Which statement best describes why this specialty is appealing to nurses? a. Interactions with wealthy contributors to secure funding b. Autonomy and independence of practice c. Ability to locate the source of diseases and cure patients d. Opportunities to meet a variety of people ANS: B Community health nurses have a long history of autonomous practice, problem solving, and decision making. Community health care nurses engage in the other activities as well, but overall, they have been best known for autonomy of practice. 00:0201:32 3. What are the newest threats to health in the United States that community health nurses deal with? a. Diphtheria, cholera, and hepatitis b. HIV, influenza, and bioterrorism c. Avian flu, tuberculosis (TB), and radiation d. Polluted water and air ANS: B The newest threats to health that PHNs are involved in are HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism. Hepatitis is also a current threat, but diphtheria and cholera are not concerns in the United States. Avian flu may be a threat, but radiation and TB are ongoing. Environmental pollution has been reduced; however, there are pollution issues that do raise concerns. 4. A nurse is working to reform a program that was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. Which of the following programs is the nurse most likely working on? a. Welfare b. Food Stamps c. Medicaid d. Medicare ANS: C The Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and "lame" individuals, making it most similar to Medicaid since this program provides medical insurance to these types of individuals. Welfare provides more than health care. Food stamps do not provide medical care. The Medicare program provides medical care to the elderly population. 5. In early colonial North America, a colonist worked in the public health sector. Which activity would have most likely been the focus? a. Establishing schools of nursing b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation d. Developing public housing and almshouses ANS: C The early colonial public health efforts included the collection of vital statistics, improvements to sanitation systems, and control of communicable disease introduced through seaports. Establishing schools of nursing, developing vaccines, and developing public housing are all events that happened after the colonial period. 6. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service. Which of the following tasks would have most likely been the responsibility of the nurse? a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants b. Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions d. Providing health care for merchant seamen ANS: D Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public health. The purpose of the Marine Hospital Service was to secure its maritime trade and seacoast cities. Marine Hospital Service nurses did not establish policies or hospital programs. They also did not identify and improve environmental conditions as Florence Nightingale did. Their sole purpose was to provide care for this population. 7. What was Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health? a. Caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions and at home b. Using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions c. Writing the Elizabethan Poor Law to guarantee medical care for all d. Founding of the district nursing association to provide health care to needy people ANS: B During the Crimean War, Nightingale progressively improved the soldiers' health by adopting a population-based approach that used simple epidemiological measures and greatly decreased mortality. The focus of her care was on wounded soldiers, not those who were sick, poor, and neglected at homes and institutions. She did not write the Elizabethan Poor Law. William Rathbone founded the district nursing association. 8. What was Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing? a. Founding the American Nurses Association b. Developing the New York Training Hospital for Nurses c. Creating the Public Health Service d. Establishing the Henry Street Settlement ANS: D Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement. Isabel Hampton Robb founded the American Nurses Association. Lillian Wald was a graduate of the New York Training Hospital for Nurses. The Public Health Service was established by the federal government. 9. A nurse is providing public health education based on the teachings of Lillian Wald. Which of the following topics will the nurse most likely discuss? a. Taking and recording blood pressures accurately b. Safe and sanitary baby and child care c. Environmental pollutants and their effects on lung disease d. Time management: balancing factory work and the home ANS: B Lillian Wald provided health care that included educating the community on health care matters. The focus of most of her work was on health services and health promotion for families and children. Because of her focus on health promotion for families and children, her primary role would not have been taking and recording blood pressures, discussing environmental pollutants (as her focus was not occupational health), or time management (at the time, very few women were working outside of the home). 10. Nurses who provided care to people in their homes were referred to as what type of nurses? a. Private duty b. Visiting c. Public health d. Community health ANS: B The visiting nurse cared for several families in a day and helped make care of the sick poor at home economical, whereas a private duty nurse may live with a family of clients receiving care and was to be available 24 hours a day. PHNs focused on care of populations. Community health nurses would be anyone who worked outside of a hospital setting. 11. What term was used to identify neighborhood centers that provided health care, education, and social welfare programs? a. Settlement houses b. Nursing care centers c. Nurse-managed clinics d. Public health services (PHSs) ANS: A Settlement houses were neighborhood centers that provided health care, education, and social welfare programs. Nursing centers, nurse-managed clinics, and PHSs are not necessari