Davita Final Exam (Study Guide) 2023
Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane Ans- Ultrafiltration
Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove
waste this way* Ans- Convection
Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from *high* to *low*
concentration Ans- Diffusion
Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration Ans- Osmosis
1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance Ans- Kidneys excretory functions
1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation Ans- Kidneys endocrine functions
Function of Bicarbonate Ans- Maintains acid-base balance and help clean blood by functioning as the
primary buffer in the body
How do we replace *excretory* functions? Ans- Hemodialysis removes urea, salt, excess water from
blood which normalizes electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron, Antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate
binders, Vitamins D, Calcimetric agents Ans- How we replace *endocrine* functions?
1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
,3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches Ans- Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
Hypertension leads to Ans- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Why is sodium balance important? Ans- Sodium holds onto water, thirst and blood pressure control
1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest Ans- Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
4. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest Ans- Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
Lack of Erythropoeitin Ans- Primary cause of anemia
Secondary Cause of anemia? Ans- blood loss
1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming Ans- How to prevent blood loss
, What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure,
and chest pain? Ans- Pericarditis
1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds* Ans- Treatment of Pericarditis
Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy relievers), pat not rub skin dry and
checking phosphorus levels Ans- If patient is complaining of dry, itchy skin
What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain)? Ans- Check water
temperature, wear good shoes, no barefeet, and observe/inspect feet
1) Calcium
2) Phosphorus
3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
4) Calcium/Vitamin D Ans- Four key elements affected in CKD-MBD
What is AKI? Ans- Acute Renal Injury (Failure), Kidneys can't filter waste from blood on their own.
1) Blood loss (Hemorrhaging)
2) Blood clots
3) Burns
*Not getting blood flow to kidneys* Ans- Examples of Pre- renal causes of AKI
1) Medications
2) Dyes
* Not getting blood inside the kidneys* Ans- Examples of Intra- renal causes of AKI
1. Kidney stones
Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane Ans- Ultrafiltration
Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove
waste this way* Ans- Convection
Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from *high* to *low*
concentration Ans- Diffusion
Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration Ans- Osmosis
1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance Ans- Kidneys excretory functions
1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation Ans- Kidneys endocrine functions
Function of Bicarbonate Ans- Maintains acid-base balance and help clean blood by functioning as the
primary buffer in the body
How do we replace *excretory* functions? Ans- Hemodialysis removes urea, salt, excess water from
blood which normalizes electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron, Antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate
binders, Vitamins D, Calcimetric agents Ans- How we replace *endocrine* functions?
1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
,3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches Ans- Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
Hypertension leads to Ans- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Why is sodium balance important? Ans- Sodium holds onto water, thirst and blood pressure control
1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest Ans- Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
4. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest Ans- Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
Lack of Erythropoeitin Ans- Primary cause of anemia
Secondary Cause of anemia? Ans- blood loss
1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming Ans- How to prevent blood loss
, What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure,
and chest pain? Ans- Pericarditis
1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds* Ans- Treatment of Pericarditis
Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy relievers), pat not rub skin dry and
checking phosphorus levels Ans- If patient is complaining of dry, itchy skin
What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain)? Ans- Check water
temperature, wear good shoes, no barefeet, and observe/inspect feet
1) Calcium
2) Phosphorus
3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
4) Calcium/Vitamin D Ans- Four key elements affected in CKD-MBD
What is AKI? Ans- Acute Renal Injury (Failure), Kidneys can't filter waste from blood on their own.
1) Blood loss (Hemorrhaging)
2) Blood clots
3) Burns
*Not getting blood flow to kidneys* Ans- Examples of Pre- renal causes of AKI
1) Medications
2) Dyes
* Not getting blood inside the kidneys* Ans- Examples of Intra- renal causes of AKI
1. Kidney stones
