Hi
Histo
sto
storical
rical bback
ack gr
gro
o un
undd and d ev
evel
el
elo
o p me
men
n t of pro
profe
fe
fess si
sio
o n ooff p h ar
arm
m acy an
and
d ph
phar
ar
arm
m aceuti
aceutical
cal ind
nduu stry
in brief
brief..
HIS
HISTTORICAL BAC
ACKGROU
KGROU
KGROUND
ND AND DEV
DEVELOPMEN
ELOPMEN
ELOPMENTT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMAC
PHARMACY:
Y:
Ev
Evolut
olut
olutionion of ph
phar ar
armm acis cistt’s role
Duri
Durin n g ththee 2 0th cen century
tury
tury,, ththee p harmac
harmacy y p rofessi
rofessio o n evol
evolve ve
ved d fo fourur s tag
tages:1-
es:1- Trad radiit io n al era:Bef
era:Befo o re
194
1940s,
0s, ththee p harm
harmaci aci
aciss t "Apo
"Apoth th
thecar
ecar
ecary y " rol
rolee was to p repare an and d d ispspense
ense d rug rugss .T
.Thehe m ai ainn asaspect
pect o f
tradi
traditt io n al pro
profe fe
fess si
sioo n was Ph armacogn armacogno o sy "me"medicdic
diciin a l function o f natu naturalral pro
prod du cts of an aniim al al,,
pla
plann t, and mi min n era
erall s ouources
rces and ga gallen
eniica
call p h ar
armm acy". Th is e ra w wasas ddo o minated b y th thee form
formu u lati
atioon
and didiss persi
persin n g ooff d rugs ffrom rom natunaturalral sosources.
urces.
Histo rical b ack gro un d and d evelo p men t of pro fes sio n o f p h arm acy and ph arm aceutical ind u stry
in brief.2- Sc Sciientif
entifiic era:After Wo Worr ld War II II,, scien
scientiti
tiff ic era was do dom m inated b y d ev evelel
eloo pm
pmeen t o f
dru
druggs and sci scienti
enti
entiff ic tes
testiti
ting
ng o f th thee e ffffects
ects of d ru gs on the b od ody y anand d mas ’
masss production o f ssyn yn
yntth eti
eticc
HIS
dru
druggTsORICAL
. Th e b ack BAC
ackb KGROU
b o ne of thND is era AND was DEV Ph ELOPMEN
Pharmacol
armacol
armacolo o gyT "s OF
"scici
cienPROFESSION
en
entiti
tiff ic s tudtudy y oOF f dPHARMAC
ru gs an and d th Y:
theiei
eirr
m echani
echanis s molut
Ev ooff ion
acti
actio o n". of ph arm acis t s role
Durin g 3- th eCli
2 0nthica
Clin cen
cal tury , th e p harmac
l era:1960s, in ththiis yera p rofessi
thee poharm
th n evol
harmaci aci
acist ve
st drole fo urwass tagaes:1- com
comb Tbrad
inati it ioonn al
natio era:Befothree
b etween
194
tradi0s, th e p
traditt io n al ro harm aci s t
rolles and a n ew rol "Apo th ecar y "
rolee as ddiis penrol e
penser was to p repare
ser of d rug in formati
formatioan d d
on.isp ense d rug s .T he m ai n as pect o f
tradit io n al pro fes sio n was Ph armacogno sy "medicin a l function o f natu ral pro du cts of an im al,
plan t, and 4- miPh
Phar
nar
armmlaceuti
era aceutica ca
call -ca
s ou rces -care
and re gaera:T
era:Th
len icah el pAmer
Ameri ican T
h arm acy". ph
pharmaceuti
h iarmaceuti
armaceutica
s e ra w asca cald ol minated
ass
associ
oci
ociatat
atibioynthien form 1996
1996,u l,atithe
on
ph
pharmaceutic
armaceutic
armaceutical al car
care e is a p ati
atienen
ent-centred,
and dis persin g o f d rugs from natu ral so urces. t-centred, o utco
utcom m es-ori
es-orien en
entedted pharmacy practi
practice ce the requ
requi ires th
the e
ph
pharmaci
armaci
armacist st to work in co concert
ncert wi with
th ththee pat
patiien
entt an
andd th thee p ati atient
ent ’ s o th ther
er h eal
ealthcare
thcare p rovi rovid d ers to
pro
prommo te2-heal Scth
healthientif
th, , toicpprrevent
era:After Wo r and
d isease, ld War II , scien
to assess, mo
monitini
f ito
nito c r,
tor, eraiin
n iwas
t iate,do andm inated
m od ifyb ymdedi evcati
eloopm
edicati
catio n uenset otof
dru
assugre
assures andth atsci
that entifth
d rug icera
thera tespy
erapy tingreg
regioifmthen e se ff
ens ects
are s afof
afe d rudgseffect
e an
and on the
effecti iv e. bTod
e.T h eygan o adl omas f psh ar
production
arm
m aceuti
aceutica calol fca
ca s yn
re thisetitoc
care
dru
op
optig
ti s . T
m ize th
tim h e
thee pb ack
pati
ati b o ne
ent ’s heal
atient of
healthth t
th-rh i s era
-ree lated qu
-r was Ph
aliity o
qual
al armacol o
off life and achigy "s
achieve ci
eve penpoti f
o si ic
sititi s tud y
ve cclini
tive lini o f d
call o utco
linica
ca ru g s
utcomesmes,,dwi
mes an th
withth
thieiinr
m echani
econ
econo om iscmexp o fend
expend actiitu
endi oture
n".
re
ress .
Ph
Phar
ar
arm
m acy3- pprofes
Cli n icas ilon
rofes
rofess era:1960s,
splitt iinntothsp
was spli is eci
speciera
a l th
ecia e pgoharm
cate
categ r ies:acist role was a com b inatio n b etween th e
tradit io n al ro les and a n ew role as d is pen ser of d rug in formatio n .
Co
Communi
mmuni
mmunity ty Pharmacy ’
4- Ph arm aceutica l -care era:Th e Amer ican ph armaceutica l ass ociat io n in 1996, the
Cli
Clin
ph armaceutic n ica
cal
all Pharm
Pharmacy.
car e isacy.a p atien t-centred, o utco m es-orien ted pharmacy practice the requ ires th e
ph armaci st to wicork
Academ
Academi Ph in co ncert with th e pat ien t an d th e p atient s o th er h ealthcare p rovid ers to
Pharmacy.
’armacy.
pro mo te health , to p revent d isease, and to assess, mo nito r, in it iate, and m od ify m edicatio n u se to
assu re thHos
Hospi
at pi
pital
tal Ph
d rug Pharmacy.
tharmacy.
erapy reg im en s are s afe an d effect iv e. Th e go a l o f p h arm aceutica l ca re is to
op tim izeIndthus
Indus e ptri
ustri ati
alent
trial s health. -re lated qu ality o f life and achieve p o sitive c linica l o utco mes , with in
Pharmacy
Pharmacy.
econ om ic exp end itu res .
Ph
Phar
ar
arm
m acy pr profession
ofession was sp lit in to sp speci
eci
eciaa l Descri
Descrip p t io n
Ph arm acy p rofess ion was split in to sp ecia l cate go r ies:
categ
categoo r ies
Co
Communi
mmuni
mmunity
Coty Pharmacy
mmuni ty Pharmacy Th e majo
majori rity o f p h ar
rity m aci
arm sts al
acists alll o ver th thee
worl
world d w ill wo work
rk in the co comm muni
munityty
Clin ica l Pharm acy.
ph
pharmacy
armacy
armacy.T .T
.The
he job o f the co mm uni unity
ty
Academ ic Ph armacy. ph
pharmaci
armaci
armacist st iiss to:
to:D
D is pen
pense
se prescri
prescrip
p ti
tio
o ns
ns.Hel
.Hel
.Helpp
Hos pital Ph armacy.
Ind us trial Pharmacy .
Ph arm acy profession was sp lit in to sp ecia l Descrip t io n
catego r ies
Co mmunity Pharmacy Th e majo rity o f p h arm acists all o ver th e
world w ill wo rk in the co m munity
ph armacy .The job o f the co mm unity
ph armacist is to:D is pen se prescrip tio ns .Help
:
, th
thee pubpubllic to make th thee d ecieciss io n s abou aboutt (Over
Th e Co Coun un
unterter drugs) O TC for mi min nor
ali
alimm ents.Co
ents.Counsel unsel p ati atien
en
entsts on how to u se th ei eirr
m ediedicati
cati
catio o ns and thei
theirr dev
deviices
accuratel
accurately y .Prom
.Promote ote publ
public ic hhealeal
ealth
th
th..
Nowad
Nowadays ays ro rolle extenextende de
ded d to iincl ncl
nclu u d e h el elpp in g
pati
patien en
ents
ts to giv givee up s mo moki ki
kinn g, weigh
weightt co control,
ntrol,
li
life
fe stystylle ad adjusjus
justmen
tmen
tmentt an d measuri measurin n g the b lo od
press
pressure.Mure.M
ure.Mo o st co community
mmunity ph phar ar
arm m aci
acist st ow own n
th
thei
ei
eirr o wn b us in ess ess.. So, bu si sinn ess m man an
anag ag
agemem
emen en
entt
th
edu e cati
educati pubon
cation lic to is makees
esss entithal
ential e diecin sph io nar
phar smabou
arm acy t (Over
(Law,
mThar eketi
arketi
ketinCo
n gun, teraccou drugs)
accounti nti
ntinn g O Tand C forpharmac min oyr
pharmacy
ali
adm m ents.Co
admiin istrati
stratio unsel
o n) bes p ati en ts
besiid e the reg on how
regu to
u lar p h ar u se
armmthacyeir
m
syledi
sy llabu cati o ns
abus.Drawback
s.Drawback
s.Drawbacks and
s : LonLong gthei r n g dev
worki
workin ho
houices
u rs
accuratel
wi
withth ffeeee supy .Prom
supp p orti
ortinote publ
n g staff. ic h eal th .
TNowad
h e ph aysarmacy
pharmacyro le exten techdendici
techn toanincloubtai
cian d e nh elp ith
btain n ge
the
pati
m edi en
edicatits
cati
catio to giv e up s
o n order from the nursi mo ki n g, weigh
nursin n g statit co
statio ntrol,
o n of
li
th fee psty
the le ci
hysi
hysici adan
cian jus
an, , entmen
terst the
enters an dorder
measuri inton ga com the
compu bpu
loter
puterod
press
sy
syste
ste
stem ure.M
m an
and doprepare
st community th e p roduoduct ph
ct arfom r aci
ddiispstens
spens
ensiow inng
(th ei r o wn
pro
produ du
ductb u
ct s in ess .
s el So,
electi
ecti
ectio b
o n, u si n ess
la
lab m an
b e lin g ag em ent
and
edu
billi
billin cati
n g).
g).Ton
Th en, is es th
theseenti
phalarmaciin ph
armacist st arpm erfacy
erfo o rms(Law, the
m
fi
fin ar keti n g ,
n a l check o f th accou nti
thee pro n
produgdu
duct and
ct an d th e wh pharmac
who o lye
adm
pro
process.Tin istrati
cess.T
cess.Th o n)isbes
h ere a idvied eo,
vid the reg im ag u lear an
age p hdarau
and m acy
audidi
dioo
sy
li
lin l labu
n ks th s.Drawback
thee ori orig s : Lon
g in al p rescri g
rescrip p t io n for uthe
worki n g ho rs
wi th fee
dispen
dispensed sed supdpruorti g.
g.TTnhger staff.
ere e is a p os ossisi
sib b ili
ilityty o f the
T h
pati e
patien en ph armacy
entt to be couns tech
ounsel el
eledn iciby
ed an thoe btai phnarmac
armacy thye
m
thrredi
th o ucati
gh oth n eorder
the vi
vid d eofrom lin ktheinnursi
lin tegrated n g stati in too nth ofe
the
th
tel e
teleph
eph p hysi
epharmacy ci
armacy sy an , en
systeters
ste
stemm. the order i nto a com pu ter
IIn
n d us
ustri
tri
trial
al Pharmacy sy
Ph
Pharste
ar
arm m an
m aceuti d
aceutical prepare
cal thcom
e p rpodu
comp ani
anies ct fo r d ipspro
es ens
rodd ucein gs
uces
(chem
chemiical pro du
calss , m ct
med ed
ediicat s el
cationsecti o n,
ions (prescri
(prescrip la b e li
p t io n ann g
and d nnoand
on -
billi
prescri
prescripn g). Tohn)
p ti
tio en, thand e ph armaciot
oth h er st heal p erfth
health o rms care the
fi
pron
prod a l check
du cts.Indus
cts.Industri o ftrith
trial e
al ph pro
pharar
armdu ct
m aci
acist a n d
st is in vo th e wh
vollvedo le
ipro
n tocess.T h ere is and
research a vidpro eo,duim
prod ctagedevel an do pm
develo au di
pmen en
ent ot
lin
(R&D) k s
(R&D),, m anu th e ori
anufacturi g i
facturin
facturin al p
n g, qu rescri
qualiali
alityp t
ty coio n
contro
ntro for
ntroll, sa the
salles
dispen
&mark
&market sed
et
etiin g,d rure g.gu
regu Thlato
gul ereryis af
ator afa
affa pirs,
fairs,os sipblannili
anni tyinogf and the
mpati
anageen t mtoen
anagem entbe counseelned
t departm
departme ts.Ph
ts.Phar byar
armacith e s tphworki
maci
macis armac
workin n gy
th ro u g h
in R&D d epartmen th e vi d eo li
epartmentt is resn k in tegrated ponsiib le fore
espons
pons in to th
tel
develephoarmacy
develo p in g n ew sy ste m . an
d rugs and d n ew do dosagesage forms
In d us trial Pharmacy Ph ar
for a lrea m aceuti
read cal
d y exi exiss t in gcom p ani
p rod
roducts es and p ro
ucts sodlvi
uce
vin n gs
chem
pro
probl bl icalss , emerg
blem
em
ems m ed icat
emerged edions du ri (prescri
rin
n g man manu put ifoactu
n anri
acturi dn g.
rin n oHe
g.He n-
prescrip tio n) and oth er health care
pro du cts.Indus trial ph arm acist is in vo lved
in to research and pro du ct develo pm ent
(R&D), m anu facturin g, qu ality co ntro l, sa les
&market in g, regu lato ry affa irs, p lann in g and
m anagem en t departm en ts.Ph armacis t workin g
in R&D d epartmen t is res pons ib le for
develo p in g n ew d rugs an d n ew do sage forms
for a lread y exis t in g p rod ucts and so lvin g
pro blem s emerged du rin g man u factu rin g.He
:
Histo
sto
storical
rical bback
ack gr
gro
o un
undd and d ev
evel
el
elo
o p me
men
n t of pro
profe
fe
fess si
sio
o n ooff p h ar
arm
m acy an
and
d ph
phar
ar
arm
m aceuti
aceutical
cal ind
nduu stry
in brief
brief..
HIS
HISTTORICAL BAC
ACKGROU
KGROU
KGROUND
ND AND DEV
DEVELOPMEN
ELOPMEN
ELOPMENTT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMAC
PHARMACY:
Y:
Ev
Evolut
olut
olutionion of ph
phar ar
armm acis cistt’s role
Duri
Durin n g ththee 2 0th cen century
tury
tury,, ththee p harmac
harmacy y p rofessi
rofessio o n evol
evolve ve
ved d fo fourur s tag
tages:1-
es:1- Trad radiit io n al era:Bef
era:Befo o re
194
1940s,
0s, ththee p harm
harmaci aci
aciss t "Apo
"Apoth th
thecar
ecar
ecary y " rol
rolee was to p repare an and d d ispspense
ense d rug rugss .T
.Thehe m ai ainn asaspect
pect o f
tradi
traditt io n al pro
profe fe
fess si
sioo n was Ph armacogn armacogno o sy "me"medicdic
diciin a l function o f natu naturalral pro
prod du cts of an aniim al al,,
pla
plann t, and mi min n era
erall s ouources
rces and ga gallen
eniica
call p h ar
armm acy". Th is e ra w wasas ddo o minated b y th thee form
formu u lati
atioon
and didiss persi
persin n g ooff d rugs ffrom rom natunaturalral sosources.
urces.
Histo rical b ack gro un d and d evelo p men t of pro fes sio n o f p h arm acy and ph arm aceutical ind u stry
in brief.2- Sc Sciientif
entifiic era:After Wo Worr ld War II II,, scien
scientiti
tiff ic era was do dom m inated b y d ev evelel
eloo pm
pmeen t o f
dru
druggs and sci scienti
enti
entiff ic tes
testiti
ting
ng o f th thee e ffffects
ects of d ru gs on the b od ody y anand d mas ’
masss production o f ssyn yn
yntth eti
eticc
HIS
dru
druggTsORICAL
. Th e b ack BAC
ackb KGROU
b o ne of thND is era AND was DEV Ph ELOPMEN
Pharmacol
armacol
armacolo o gyT "s OF
"scici
cienPROFESSION
en
entiti
tiff ic s tudtudy y oOF f dPHARMAC
ru gs an and d th Y:
theiei
eirr
m echani
echanis s molut
Ev ooff ion
acti
actio o n". of ph arm acis t s role
Durin g 3- th eCli
2 0nthica
Clin cen
cal tury , th e p harmac
l era:1960s, in ththiis yera p rofessi
thee poharm
th n evol
harmaci aci
acist ve
st drole fo urwass tagaes:1- com
comb Tbrad
inati it ioonn al
natio era:Befothree
b etween
194
tradi0s, th e p
traditt io n al ro harm aci s t
rolles and a n ew rol "Apo th ecar y "
rolee as ddiis penrol e
penser was to p repare
ser of d rug in formati
formatioan d d
on.isp ense d rug s .T he m ai n as pect o f
tradit io n al pro fes sio n was Ph armacogno sy "medicin a l function o f natu ral pro du cts of an im al,
plan t, and 4- miPh
Phar
nar
armmlaceuti
era aceutica ca
call -ca
s ou rces -care
and re gaera:T
era:Th
len icah el pAmer
Ameri ican T
h arm acy". ph
pharmaceuti
h iarmaceuti
armaceutica
s e ra w asca cald ol minated
ass
associ
oci
ociatat
atibioynthien form 1996
1996,u l,atithe
on
ph
pharmaceutic
armaceutic
armaceutical al car
care e is a p ati
atienen
ent-centred,
and dis persin g o f d rugs from natu ral so urces. t-centred, o utco
utcom m es-ori
es-orien en
entedted pharmacy practi
practice ce the requ
requi ires th
the e
ph
pharmaci
armaci
armacist st to work in co concert
ncert wi with
th ththee pat
patiien
entt an
andd th thee p ati atient
ent ’ s o th ther
er h eal
ealthcare
thcare p rovi rovid d ers to
pro
prommo te2-heal Scth
healthientif
th, , toicpprrevent
era:After Wo r and
d isease, ld War II , scien
to assess, mo
monitini
f ito
nito c r,
tor, eraiin
n iwas
t iate,do andm inated
m od ifyb ymdedi evcati
eloopm
edicati
catio n uenset otof
dru
assugre
assures andth atsci
that entifth
d rug icera
thera tespy
erapy tingreg
regioifmthen e se ff
ens ects
are s afof
afe d rudgseffect
e an
and on the
effecti iv e. bTod
e.T h eygan o adl omas f psh ar
production
arm
m aceuti
aceutica calol fca
ca s yn
re thisetitoc
care
dru
op
optig
ti s . T
m ize th
tim h e
thee pb ack
pati
ati b o ne
ent ’s heal
atient of
healthth t
th-rh i s era
-ree lated qu
-r was Ph
aliity o
qual
al armacol o
off life and achigy "s
achieve ci
eve penpoti f
o si ic
sititi s tud y
ve cclini
tive lini o f d
call o utco
linica
ca ru g s
utcomesmes,,dwi
mes an th
withth
thieiinr
m echani
econ
econo om iscmexp o fend
expend actiitu
endi oture
n".
re
ress .
Ph
Phar
ar
arm
m acy3- pprofes
Cli n icas ilon
rofes
rofess era:1960s,
splitt iinntothsp
was spli is eci
speciera
a l th
ecia e pgoharm
cate
categ r ies:acist role was a com b inatio n b etween th e
tradit io n al ro les and a n ew role as d is pen ser of d rug in formatio n .
Co
Communi
mmuni
mmunity ty Pharmacy ’
4- Ph arm aceutica l -care era:Th e Amer ican ph armaceutica l ass ociat io n in 1996, the
Cli
Clin
ph armaceutic n ica
cal
all Pharm
Pharmacy.
car e isacy.a p atien t-centred, o utco m es-orien ted pharmacy practice the requ ires th e
ph armaci st to wicork
Academ
Academi Ph in co ncert with th e pat ien t an d th e p atient s o th er h ealthcare p rovid ers to
Pharmacy.
’armacy.
pro mo te health , to p revent d isease, and to assess, mo nito r, in it iate, and m od ify m edicatio n u se to
assu re thHos
Hospi
at pi
pital
tal Ph
d rug Pharmacy.
tharmacy.
erapy reg im en s are s afe an d effect iv e. Th e go a l o f p h arm aceutica l ca re is to
op tim izeIndthus
Indus e ptri
ustri ati
alent
trial s health. -re lated qu ality o f life and achieve p o sitive c linica l o utco mes , with in
Pharmacy
Pharmacy.
econ om ic exp end itu res .
Ph
Phar
ar
arm
m acy pr profession
ofession was sp lit in to sp speci
eci
eciaa l Descri
Descrip p t io n
Ph arm acy p rofess ion was split in to sp ecia l cate go r ies:
categ
categoo r ies
Co
Communi
mmuni
mmunity
Coty Pharmacy
mmuni ty Pharmacy Th e majo
majori rity o f p h ar
rity m aci
arm sts al
acists alll o ver th thee
worl
world d w ill wo work
rk in the co comm muni
munityty
Clin ica l Pharm acy.
ph
pharmacy
armacy
armacy.T .T
.The
he job o f the co mm uni unity
ty
Academ ic Ph armacy. ph
pharmaci
armaci
armacist st iiss to:
to:D
D is pen
pense
se prescri
prescrip
p ti
tio
o ns
ns.Hel
.Hel
.Helpp
Hos pital Ph armacy.
Ind us trial Pharmacy .
Ph arm acy profession was sp lit in to sp ecia l Descrip t io n
catego r ies
Co mmunity Pharmacy Th e majo rity o f p h arm acists all o ver th e
world w ill wo rk in the co m munity
ph armacy .The job o f the co mm unity
ph armacist is to:D is pen se prescrip tio ns .Help
:
, th
thee pubpubllic to make th thee d ecieciss io n s abou aboutt (Over
Th e Co Coun un
unterter drugs) O TC for mi min nor
ali
alimm ents.Co
ents.Counsel unsel p ati atien
en
entsts on how to u se th ei eirr
m ediedicati
cati
catio o ns and thei
theirr dev
deviices
accuratel
accurately y .Prom
.Promote ote publ
public ic hhealeal
ealth
th
th..
Nowad
Nowadays ays ro rolle extenextende de
ded d to iincl ncl
nclu u d e h el elpp in g
pati
patien en
ents
ts to giv givee up s mo moki ki
kinn g, weigh
weightt co control,
ntrol,
li
life
fe stystylle ad adjusjus
justmen
tmen
tmentt an d measuri measurin n g the b lo od
press
pressure.Mure.M
ure.Mo o st co community
mmunity ph phar ar
arm m aci
acist st ow own n
th
thei
ei
eirr o wn b us in ess ess.. So, bu si sinn ess m man an
anag ag
agemem
emen en
entt
th
edu e cati
educati pubon
cation lic to is makees
esss entithal
ential e diecin sph io nar
phar smabou
arm acy t (Over
(Law,
mThar eketi
arketi
ketinCo
n gun, teraccou drugs)
accounti nti
ntinn g O Tand C forpharmac min oyr
pharmacy
ali
adm m ents.Co
admiin istrati
stratio unsel
o n) bes p ati en ts
besiid e the reg on how
regu to
u lar p h ar u se
armmthacyeir
m
syledi
sy llabu cati o ns
abus.Drawback
s.Drawback
s.Drawbacks and
s : LonLong gthei r n g dev
worki
workin ho
houices
u rs
accuratel
wi
withth ffeeee supy .Prom
supp p orti
ortinote publ
n g staff. ic h eal th .
TNowad
h e ph aysarmacy
pharmacyro le exten techdendici
techn toanincloubtai
cian d e nh elp ith
btain n ge
the
pati
m edi en
edicatits
cati
catio to giv e up s
o n order from the nursi mo ki n g, weigh
nursin n g statit co
statio ntrol,
o n of
li
th fee psty
the le ci
hysi
hysici adan
cian jus
an, , entmen
terst the
enters an dorder
measuri inton ga com the
compu bpu
loter
puterod
press
sy
syste
ste
stem ure.M
m an
and doprepare
st community th e p roduoduct ph
ct arfom r aci
ddiispstens
spens
ensiow inng
(th ei r o wn
pro
produ du
ductb u
ct s in ess .
s el So,
electi
ecti
ectio b
o n, u si n ess
la
lab m an
b e lin g ag em ent
and
edu
billi
billin cati
n g).
g).Ton
Th en, is es th
theseenti
phalarmaciin ph
armacist st arpm erfacy
erfo o rms(Law, the
m
fi
fin ar keti n g ,
n a l check o f th accou nti
thee pro n
produgdu
duct and
ct an d th e wh pharmac
who o lye
adm
pro
process.Tin istrati
cess.T
cess.Th o n)isbes
h ere a idvied eo,
vid the reg im ag u lear an
age p hdarau
and m acy
audidi
dioo
sy
li
lin l labu
n ks th s.Drawback
thee ori orig s : Lon
g in al p rescri g
rescrip p t io n for uthe
worki n g ho rs
wi th fee
dispen
dispensed sed supdpruorti g.
g.TTnhger staff.
ere e is a p os ossisi
sib b ili
ilityty o f the
T h
pati e
patien en ph armacy
entt to be couns tech
ounsel el
eledn iciby
ed an thoe btai phnarmac
armacy thye
m
thrredi
th o ucati
gh oth n eorder
the vi
vid d eofrom lin ktheinnursi
lin tegrated n g stati in too nth ofe
the
th
tel e
teleph
eph p hysi
epharmacy ci
armacy sy an , en
systeters
ste
stemm. the order i nto a com pu ter
IIn
n d us
ustri
tri
trial
al Pharmacy sy
Ph
Pharste
ar
arm m an
m aceuti d
aceutical prepare
cal thcom
e p rpodu
comp ani
anies ct fo r d ipspro
es ens
rodd ucein gs
uces
(chem
chemiical pro du
calss , m ct
med ed
ediicat s el
cationsecti o n,
ions (prescri
(prescrip la b e li
p t io n ann g
and d nnoand
on -
billi
prescri
prescripn g). Tohn)
p ti
tio en, thand e ph armaciot
oth h er st heal p erfth
health o rms care the
fi
pron
prod a l check
du cts.Indus
cts.Industri o ftrith
trial e
al ph pro
pharar
armdu ct
m aci
acist a n d
st is in vo th e wh
vollvedo le
ipro
n tocess.T h ere is and
research a vidpro eo,duim
prod ctagedevel an do pm
develo au di
pmen en
ent ot
lin
(R&D) k s
(R&D),, m anu th e ori
anufacturi g i
facturin
facturin al p
n g, qu rescri
qualiali
alityp t
ty coio n
contro
ntro for
ntroll, sa the
salles
dispen
&mark
&market sed
et
etiin g,d rure g.gu
regu Thlato
gul ereryis af
ator afa
affa pirs,
fairs,os sipblannili
anni tyinogf and the
mpati
anageen t mtoen
anagem entbe counseelned
t departm
departme ts.Ph
ts.Phar byar
armacith e s tphworki
maci
macis armac
workin n gy
th ro u g h
in R&D d epartmen th e vi d eo li
epartmentt is resn k in tegrated ponsiib le fore
espons
pons in to th
tel
develephoarmacy
develo p in g n ew sy ste m . an
d rugs and d n ew do dosagesage forms
In d us trial Pharmacy Ph ar
for a lrea m aceuti
read cal
d y exi exiss t in gcom p ani
p rod
roducts es and p ro
ucts sodlvi
uce
vin n gs
chem
pro
probl bl icalss , emerg
blem
em
ems m ed icat
emerged edions du ri (prescri
rin
n g man manu put ifoactu
n anri
acturi dn g.
rin n oHe
g.He n-
prescrip tio n) and oth er health care
pro du cts.Indus trial ph arm acist is in vo lved
in to research and pro du ct develo pm ent
(R&D), m anu facturin g, qu ality co ntro l, sa les
&market in g, regu lato ry affa irs, p lann in g and
m anagem en t departm en ts.Ph armacis t workin g
in R&D d epartmen t is res pons ib le for
develo p in g n ew d rugs an d n ew do sage forms
for a lread y exis t in g p rod ucts and so lvin g
pro blem s emerged du rin g man u factu rin g.He
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