AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY, ALL
Questions and answers. Latest Update 2023.
what is RNA? - Ans-ribonucleic acid
MRNA and TRNA
single stranded
shorter
AU CG
what are biological molecules? - Ans-molecules made and used by living organisms eg. lipids, carbs,
DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions
what are the functions of carbohydrates? - Ans--energy source (respiration)
-energy store (starch and glycogen)
-structure (cellulose)
ATP structure? - Ans-1 adenosine 3 phosphates
ADP and energy= ATP
condensation reaction using ATP synthase
carries energy in bonds
hydrolysis breaks down into ADP and energy using ATP hydrolase
releases energy from phosphate group bonds
,what are the building blocks of carbohydrates called? - Ans-monosaccharides
why is ATP a good source of energy? - Ans-immediate release, only need to break one bond
releases small amounts of energy at a time, manageable
examples of monosaccharides - Ans-glucose, fructose, galactose
uses of ATP? - Ans-protein synthesis
organelle synthesis
dna replication
mitosis
active transport
metabolic reactions
movement
homeostasis
formula for monosaccharides? - Ans-c6h12o6 -same formula but arranged differently
role of water in biology? - Ans-acts as a habitat for organisms
make up cytoplasm, tissue fluid, blood, xylem and phloem
water properties? - Ans-dipolar
,partially positive hydrogen partially negative oxygen
so separate water molecules form hydrogen bonds with eachother
difference between alpha and beta glucose? - Ans-on carbon 1, alpha glucose has an OH group on the
bottom. beta glucose has it at the top.
how are monosaccharides joined together? - Ans-condensation reaction between 2 OH groups
roles of water? - Ans--habitat, high shc so a lot of heat needs to be applied before evaporation due to
hydrogen bonds. ice is less dense than water so floats up
-solvent, dipolar so separate solutes by charge depending on partial charge. solute dissolves in water,
useful for cytoplasm, diffusion and active transport ect
-hydrostatic pressure, when pressurised, water provides a strong pushing force particularly in mass flow.
supports turgidity
-homeostasis, sweat on skin uses blood heat to evaporate, cooling individual. sweat is made up of
hydrogen bonds,stable structure, large amount of heat to evaporate. LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION.
bond in carbohydrate? - Ans-glycosidic
what are inorganic ions? - Ans-salts or minerals
don't contain carbon
eg sodium and chloride ions
examples of disaccharides - Ans-sucrose, lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
, kingdoms of biology? - Ans-animal, plant, bacteria, fungi, protocista
animal and plant multicellular
others are microorganisms
viruses aren't living
all organisms made up of cells
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic - Ans-eukaryotic - membrane bound organelles eg. nucleus
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes
formula for disaccharides? - Ans-c12h22o11
what are the 2 forms of reproduction? - Ans-sexual- 2 parents each provide gamete which fuse to make
zygote which develops into organism
asexual- one parent to produce genetically identical offspring
how are polymers separated? - Ans-hydrolysis (addition of water)
how does a zygote develop into an organism? - Ans-stem cell, undifferentiated
divides by mitosis to make more stem cells
each cell differentiates into specialised
each specialised divides by mitosis to make tissues
different tissues for organ, and so on
Questions and answers. Latest Update 2023.
what is RNA? - Ans-ribonucleic acid
MRNA and TRNA
single stranded
shorter
AU CG
what are biological molecules? - Ans-molecules made and used by living organisms eg. lipids, carbs,
DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions
what are the functions of carbohydrates? - Ans--energy source (respiration)
-energy store (starch and glycogen)
-structure (cellulose)
ATP structure? - Ans-1 adenosine 3 phosphates
ADP and energy= ATP
condensation reaction using ATP synthase
carries energy in bonds
hydrolysis breaks down into ADP and energy using ATP hydrolase
releases energy from phosphate group bonds
,what are the building blocks of carbohydrates called? - Ans-monosaccharides
why is ATP a good source of energy? - Ans-immediate release, only need to break one bond
releases small amounts of energy at a time, manageable
examples of monosaccharides - Ans-glucose, fructose, galactose
uses of ATP? - Ans-protein synthesis
organelle synthesis
dna replication
mitosis
active transport
metabolic reactions
movement
homeostasis
formula for monosaccharides? - Ans-c6h12o6 -same formula but arranged differently
role of water in biology? - Ans-acts as a habitat for organisms
make up cytoplasm, tissue fluid, blood, xylem and phloem
water properties? - Ans-dipolar
,partially positive hydrogen partially negative oxygen
so separate water molecules form hydrogen bonds with eachother
difference between alpha and beta glucose? - Ans-on carbon 1, alpha glucose has an OH group on the
bottom. beta glucose has it at the top.
how are monosaccharides joined together? - Ans-condensation reaction between 2 OH groups
roles of water? - Ans--habitat, high shc so a lot of heat needs to be applied before evaporation due to
hydrogen bonds. ice is less dense than water so floats up
-solvent, dipolar so separate solutes by charge depending on partial charge. solute dissolves in water,
useful for cytoplasm, diffusion and active transport ect
-hydrostatic pressure, when pressurised, water provides a strong pushing force particularly in mass flow.
supports turgidity
-homeostasis, sweat on skin uses blood heat to evaporate, cooling individual. sweat is made up of
hydrogen bonds,stable structure, large amount of heat to evaporate. LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION.
bond in carbohydrate? - Ans-glycosidic
what are inorganic ions? - Ans-salts or minerals
don't contain carbon
eg sodium and chloride ions
examples of disaccharides - Ans-sucrose, lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
, kingdoms of biology? - Ans-animal, plant, bacteria, fungi, protocista
animal and plant multicellular
others are microorganisms
viruses aren't living
all organisms made up of cells
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic - Ans-eukaryotic - membrane bound organelles eg. nucleus
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes
formula for disaccharides? - Ans-c12h22o11
what are the 2 forms of reproduction? - Ans-sexual- 2 parents each provide gamete which fuse to make
zygote which develops into organism
asexual- one parent to produce genetically identical offspring
how are polymers separated? - Ans-hydrolysis (addition of water)
how does a zygote develop into an organism? - Ans-stem cell, undifferentiated
divides by mitosis to make more stem cells
each cell differentiates into specialised
each specialised divides by mitosis to make tissues
different tissues for organ, and so on
