NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
Question:
A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment of
hypertension is:
tinnitus.
impotence.
hypokalemia.
a dry cough. Correct
Explanation:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril (Zestril) have a relatively low
incidence of side effects and are well tolerated. A common, annoying side effect of ACE inhibitors is a
dry cough occurring in about 10% of patients. ACE inhibitor-induced cough is thought to be related to
increased levels of kinins and substance P caused by the converting enzyme inhibition. Kinins are
thought to induce bronchial irritation and cough via enhanced production of prostaglandins, which then
stimulates afferent C-fibers in the airway. Hypotension
Question:
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is highly protein bound and has a duration of: 6
hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.
48 hours. Correct
Explanation:
,NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is greater than 90% protein bound, has a half-life elimination of 1.4 hours
and a duration of 48-72 hours. It is classified as an aldosterone receptor antagonist. This class blocks the
effects of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
Question:
Nonselective beta-blockers block the stimulation of:
beta-1 receptors in the heart.
beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
both beta-1 receptors in the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Correct
neither beta-1 receptors in the heart nor beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
Explanation:
Nonselective beta-blockers (i.e., propranolol [Inderal]) block the stimulation of both beta-1 receptors in
the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Selective beta-blockers (i.e. metoprolol [Lopressor])
specifically block beta-1 receptors, but may also block beta-2 receptors at higher doses. Because they
also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, nonselective beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with
asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Question:
A side effect of beta-blockers that is more common in children than adults is:
decreased appetite.
muscle weakness.
vivid dreams.
a cough that produces mucus. Correct
Explanation:
Side effects of beta-blockers that are more common in children than adults may include a mucus-
producing cough, difficulty breathing, or tightness in the chest. Beta-blockers are not recommended as
initial therapy in children due to potential adverse outcomes including increased bronchial obstruction
,NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
and airway reactivity in children with asthma.
Question:
The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is:
Atacand. Correct
Avandia.
Benicar.
Cozaar.
Explanation:
The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is Atacand. The generic name for Avandia is rosiglitazone;
Benicar is olmesartan medoxomil (an ARB); Cozaar is losartan. Candesartan, olmesartan and losartan
are classified as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and are used in the treatment of hypertension.
Notice that they all end in "sartan." Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione and is used in the treatment of
diabetes.
Question:
Gemfibrozil (Lopid), for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, is classified as a: bile acid
sequestrant.
nicotinic acid.
fibric acid. Correct
statin.
Explanation:
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a fibric acid. It is indicated in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed
dyslipidemia. Fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, are the recommended treatment for very
high triglyceride levels (>500 mg/dL). Fibrates lower serum triglyceride levels by reducing the liver's
, NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
production of VLDL (triglyceride-carrying particle circulating in the blood) and by speeding up the
removal of triglycerides from the blood. Gemfibrozil should not be used concurrently with statins.
Question:
In patients with normal renal function, the diuretic that has the greater antihypertensive effect is: osmotic
diuretics.
thiazide diuretics. Correct
loop diuretics.
potassium-sparing diuretics.
Explanation:
Among patients with normal renal function, thiazide diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone (Thalitone),
have a greater antihypertensive effect than the loop diuretics. This may be related to the longer duration
of action of thiazides compared to most loop diuretics. Diuretics lower blood pressure, at least initially,
by inducing sodium and fluid loss. Other thiazide diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) and
methyclothiazide.
Question:
An adverse effect of statin therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia is:
hypertension.
myalgia. Correct
hypoglycemia.
edema.
Explanation:
Statins may cause myalgia. The pain may be experienced as a soreness, fatigue or weakness in the
muscles. The pain can be a mild discomfort, or it can be severe enough to make daily activities
difficult. Other common side effects include diarrhea, arthralgia and nasopharyngitis. Question:
Nitroglycerin sublingual (Nitrostat) tablets should be stored:
WITH ANSWERS 2022
Question:
A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment of
hypertension is:
tinnitus.
impotence.
hypokalemia.
a dry cough. Correct
Explanation:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as lisinopril (Zestril) have a relatively low
incidence of side effects and are well tolerated. A common, annoying side effect of ACE inhibitors is a
dry cough occurring in about 10% of patients. ACE inhibitor-induced cough is thought to be related to
increased levels of kinins and substance P caused by the converting enzyme inhibition. Kinins are
thought to induce bronchial irritation and cough via enhanced production of prostaglandins, which then
stimulates afferent C-fibers in the airway. Hypotension
Question:
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is highly protein bound and has a duration of: 6
hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.
48 hours. Correct
Explanation:
,NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is greater than 90% protein bound, has a half-life elimination of 1.4 hours
and a duration of 48-72 hours. It is classified as an aldosterone receptor antagonist. This class blocks the
effects of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys.
Question:
Nonselective beta-blockers block the stimulation of:
beta-1 receptors in the heart.
beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
both beta-1 receptors in the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Correct
neither beta-1 receptors in the heart nor beta-2 receptors in the lungs.
Explanation:
Nonselective beta-blockers (i.e., propranolol [Inderal]) block the stimulation of both beta-1 receptors in
the heart and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Selective beta-blockers (i.e. metoprolol [Lopressor])
specifically block beta-1 receptors, but may also block beta-2 receptors at higher doses. Because they
also block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, nonselective beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with
asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Question:
A side effect of beta-blockers that is more common in children than adults is:
decreased appetite.
muscle weakness.
vivid dreams.
a cough that produces mucus. Correct
Explanation:
Side effects of beta-blockers that are more common in children than adults may include a mucus-
producing cough, difficulty breathing, or tightness in the chest. Beta-blockers are not recommended as
initial therapy in children due to potential adverse outcomes including increased bronchial obstruction
,NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
and airway reactivity in children with asthma.
Question:
The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is:
Atacand. Correct
Avandia.
Benicar.
Cozaar.
Explanation:
The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is Atacand. The generic name for Avandia is rosiglitazone;
Benicar is olmesartan medoxomil (an ARB); Cozaar is losartan. Candesartan, olmesartan and losartan
are classified as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and are used in the treatment of hypertension.
Notice that they all end in "sartan." Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione and is used in the treatment of
diabetes.
Question:
Gemfibrozil (Lopid), for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, is classified as a: bile acid
sequestrant.
nicotinic acid.
fibric acid. Correct
statin.
Explanation:
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a fibric acid. It is indicated in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed
dyslipidemia. Fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, are the recommended treatment for very
high triglyceride levels (>500 mg/dL). Fibrates lower serum triglyceride levels by reducing the liver's
, NURS 6320 EXAM-CARDIAL VASCULAR PRESCRIBING QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2022
production of VLDL (triglyceride-carrying particle circulating in the blood) and by speeding up the
removal of triglycerides from the blood. Gemfibrozil should not be used concurrently with statins.
Question:
In patients with normal renal function, the diuretic that has the greater antihypertensive effect is: osmotic
diuretics.
thiazide diuretics. Correct
loop diuretics.
potassium-sparing diuretics.
Explanation:
Among patients with normal renal function, thiazide diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone (Thalitone),
have a greater antihypertensive effect than the loop diuretics. This may be related to the longer duration
of action of thiazides compared to most loop diuretics. Diuretics lower blood pressure, at least initially,
by inducing sodium and fluid loss. Other thiazide diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) and
methyclothiazide.
Question:
An adverse effect of statin therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia is:
hypertension.
myalgia. Correct
hypoglycemia.
edema.
Explanation:
Statins may cause myalgia. The pain may be experienced as a soreness, fatigue or weakness in the
muscles. The pain can be a mild discomfort, or it can be severe enough to make daily activities
difficult. Other common side effects include diarrhea, arthralgia and nasopharyngitis. Question:
Nitroglycerin sublingual (Nitrostat) tablets should be stored:
