dolphins 2023 with complete solutions questions and answers

tursiops truncatus bottlenose dolphin how many species of cetacea? 87 what are the two suborderof cetacea? mysticeti (baleen whales) and odonteceti (toothed whales) odonteceti -toothed whales -one external blowhole -word "Odontoceti" comes from the Greek word for tooth, "odontos." mysticeti -baleen whales -two external blowholes family: delphinidae -Dolphins are a part of the scientific family Delphinidae. -There are approximately 37 species of delphinids, including: -bottlenose dolphins -Pacific white-sided dolphins -pilot whales -killer whales distribution -inshore ecotype seems to be adapted for warm, shallow water -its smaller body and larger flippers suggest increased maneuverability and heat dissipation -offshore ecotype seems to be adapted for cooler, deeper water -Certain hematologic characteristics indicate that they may be better adapted for deep diving -The larger body type assists in heat conservation and defense against predation habitat -inshore ecotype typically seen in bays, tidal creeks, inlets, marshes, rivers, and waters along the open beach -costal sarasota, florida dolphins typically use waters less than 30 ft (9m) deep -Inshore bottlenose dolphins found in warmer waters show less extensive, localized seasonal movements and many have been observed staying within a limited long-term home range, such as Sarasota Bay, Florida general anatomy: hydrodynamics have sleek, streamlined, fusiform (spindle shaped) bodies which minimize drag as they travel through the water general anatomy: tail flukes -secondary acquired structure derived from outgrowth of skin and connective tissue -used for propulsion general anatomy: dorsal fin -composed of connective tissue -stabilizes the body from rolling without control in the water -secondary function to conserve or dissipate body heat, as it has more superficial vascular vessels than flukes and pectoral flippers general anatomy: pectoral flippers -modified forelimbs that resulted from millions of years of eveolution. -why they have an internal bone structure (modified shoulder, elbow, wrist, and phalanges) -fuctions are to stabilize the body and to steer morphometrics -mass and length of animals varies by geographic location -body size appears to vary iversely with the water temperature of the location (the colder the water, the larger the animal) -in some pop,. there are size differences between the genders with females growing faster during the first decade of life, and males usually growing larger later in life -in other pop. there are no size differences between the genders morphometrics: average age to reach adult mass -females attain most of their adult mass by 10-12 years of age -males reach adult size around 13 years of age or older (several years after reaching sexual maturity) and continue growing until at least 20 years of age morphometrics: average adult length -ammpa facilities: 8.5 ft -in the wild: 7.2-8.8 ft skin -no scent or sweat glands -epidermis (outer layer of skin) is an average of 15-20 times thicker than the epidermis of humans skin color and shading -counter shading is considered to be camoflauge that helps conceal dolphins from both predator and prey -when viewed from above the dark back blends with dark water depths and when viewed from below, the lighter belly blends with the bright surface of the water skin hydrodynamics -slough (shed) the outer layer of their skin 12 times per day, every 2 hours -increased cell turn over increases swimming efficency by creating a smooth surface which reduces drag and reduces the chances of organisms attaching to their skin blubber -layer fluctuates by season, as well as with body size and health status thermoreregulation -core body temp is around 98.7 degrees, similar to that of humans -counter current heat exchange: used to regulate heat loss to the enviroment mouth teeth: -homodont (all teeth are the same size and shape) -non-deciduous (only have one set) -72-104 teeth -18-26 teeth per row, 4 rows taste: -behavioral evidence suggest that bottlenose dolphins can detect three, if not all four, of the primary tastes eyes and vision -glands at the inner corners of the eye socket secrete an oily mucus that lubricates in the eyes, washes away debris and may help streamline the eye during swimming -unsure if dolphins can see color -behaviorsal studies have suggested that they may have some color vision. however, behavorial studies of color vision are difficult due to the inability to determine if the animal is responding to the color or brightness