nursing informatics 2023 with verified questions and answers

General Principles of Nursing Informatics is the specialty that intergrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify and communicate data, information,knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice. Knowledge The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision. internal process of thinking or cognition external process of testing senses, observation and integrating Wisdom -Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions. -Appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems -It's knowing when and how to apply knowledge. Scientific Underpinning -The material and construction such as foundation use of the support of a structure. -Something that servers as foundation: Basis ofter used in plural the philosophical underpinning of educational methods. The foundation of knowledge model Model proposing that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, generating and disseminating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives. Computer Science the branch of engineering (application science) that studies the theorethical foundation of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer system. Information science the science of information studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and information systems. -An extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates features from cognitive science, computer science, library science and social science. cognitive science the interdisciplinary attempt to study cognition through such fields as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology information literacy -the ability to identify when information is needed as well as the skills to find it, evaluate and effectively use the same. ex evaluation of online resources for quality, able to search literature database effectively. -the use of digital technology to locate, navigate, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and effectively communicate in a rapidly changing information environment in the pursuit of knowledge. computer literacy basic familiarity with computers users and common applications, ability to navigate hyperlinks and able to set up and use database to collect and retrieve information Health literacy the acquisition of knowledge that promotes the ability to understand and manage one health clinical information management -uses clinical decision making (CDS) and system safeguards to protect patients and protected health information (PHI). -able to request and evaluate reports for the purpose of informed decision making. -participate in the selection, design, and evaluation of clinical information systems and patient-care technologies. uses available technologies to appropriately and effectively communicate. meaningful use -the use of certified electronic health record (EHR) in a meaningful manner such as e-prescribing. -the use of certified EHR technology of electronic exchange of health information to improve the quality of healthcare. -the use of certified EHR technology to submit clinical quality and other measures. patient centered information system (PCIS) focused on collecting data and disseminating information related to direct care. the four types are clinical documentation system, pharmacy information system, laboratory information systems and radiology information system. clinical decision support system (CDSSs) a computer based program designated to assist in making clinical decisions by filtering or integrating vast amount of information and providing suggestions for clinical interventions. electronic medical records computer based data warehouses or repositories of information regarding the health status of the patient which are replacing the former paper based medical records. the systematic documentation of a client health status and healthcare in assured digital format. human technology interface the hardware and software through which the users interact with the computer. health information technology hardware, software integrates technologies or related licenses intellectual property upgrades or package solutions such as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or pt for electronic creation maintenance access or exchange of health information. alarm fatigue Multiple false alarms by smart technology causing workers to ignore or respond slowly to them. digital natives a person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and therefore familiar with computers and the Internet from an early age. information literacy competencies standads for nursing refers to the use of digital technology to locate, navigate, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and effectively communicate in a rapidly changing information environment in the pursuit of knowledge - the most important aspects of information literacy reflect information discovery, retrieval and delivery as well as the ability to acquire, process, generate and disseminated knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink what an individual understands. HITECH Act under this act healthcare organizations can qualify for financial incentives based on the level of meaningful use archived. this act specifically incentivizes health organizations and providers to become "meaningful users" TIGER based nursing informatics competency model to create a vision for the future of nursing that bridges the quality chasm with information technology, enabling nurses to use informatics in practice and education to provide safer, higher quality of care Ethical Decision Making The process of making informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from wrong bioethical standards the contemporary bioethical standards: autonomy, freedom,objectivity, privacy,beneficence, and fidelity are maximally appropriate to the health care setting Telehealth Use of technology to deliver health-related services and information, including telemedicine medical applications software developed for medical purposes, including home medical monitoring system medical databases for healthcare professionals medical devices Any equipment, instrument, implant, material, or apparatus used for the diagnosis, treatment, or monitoring of patients. FDA oversight for medical devices fda regulates that sale of medical devices products (including diagnostic test) in the us and monitors the safety of all regulated medical products privacy and important issue related to personal information about the owner or about other individuals, that focuses on sharing this information with other electronically and the mechanisms that restrict access to this personal information. Confidentiality the mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information cybersecurity the state of being protected against the criminal or unauthorized use of electronic data, or the measures taken to achieve this. computer aid translators computer assisted translation or computer aided translation (cat) is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses a computer hardware to support and facilitate the translation process HIPPA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ICD 10 coding International classification of diseases, then revision, clinical modification. is a system used by physicians and other healthcare providers to classify and code all diagnoses, symptoms and procedures recorded in conjunction with hospital care in US EVAULATION AND MANAGEMENT CODING is a medical coding process in support of medical billing clinical support tools a clinical support system is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professional with clinical decision support, that is assistance with clinical decision making tasks Workflow analysis not an optional part of clinical implementations, but rather a necessity for safa patient care fostered by technology. the ultimate goal of workflow analysis is not to "pave the cow path" but rather to create a future state solution that maximizes the use of technology and eliminates non value added activities. the best methods is the one that complements the organization and supports the work of clinicians. pro and cons of implantable identification devices it allows quicker and safer emergency care informatics use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making example of decision support system a system used by physicians to provide suggestions for diagnostic test according to selected admitting diagnoses documenting according to a critical pathway variances are identified if client outcomes are not as anticipated automates radiology information system (RIS) automated radiology information systems create specific questionnaire to ensure reimbursement and individualized client care. automated pharmacy systems -an automated system that pulls in lab results and client information from the HIS more quickly to identify allergy and interaction problems. -individual client data is integrated and provides the pharmacist with up-to-date information. Decision Support System (DSS) aid in and strengthen the selection of viable options using the information of an organization or a field to facilitate decision making and overall efficiency. decsion support system software organizes information to fit new environments. it provides analysis ans advice to support a choice. the final decision rest in the practitioner. clinical information systems (CISs) are large, computerized databased management systems that supports several types of activities that may include provider order entry, results, retrieval, documentation and decision support across distributed locations. nursing information system support the use of documentation of nursing process and activities, and provides tools for managing the delivery of nursing care. mobile technology allows the information entry and retrieval at the point of care or wherever is needed by the healthcare professional the client registration system admission/discharge/transfer system coding systems use clinical information to generate charges for care. variances can be used to fine tune and improve critical pathways thereby contributing to improved client outcomes. protecting confidentiality of client-related email. public key infrastructure (PKI) uses unique codes to confirm the identity of those sending emails. CAPTCHAS challenge-response software will not display the message unless a person can be contacted to verify that the message was sent by a person. file transfer protocol (FTP) allows the transmission of large files intranets are private computer networks used to facilitate collaborative data sharing among the institution employees. SPIM refers to unsolicited messages often containing a link to a website that the spimmer is attempting to marker extranet are networks that sit outside the protected internal network of an organization and use internet software and communication protocols for electronic commerce and for use by outside suppliers or customers. URL Uniform Resource Locator stage 3 clinical documentation, clinical decision support system (CDSS) with error checking, and a picture archive and communication system (PACS) American nurses credentialing center website dedicated to improving the quality,safety,efficiency and effectiveness of health care for all Americans. ANCC (American Nurses Credentialing Center) focuses on making available to individual registered nurses and organizations where nurses practice resources for pursuing excellence in practice. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds allow you to subscribe to content eliminating the need to manually search for new information on sites that offer the RSS option. MIPPA Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 HITECH Act of 2009 -Incentives to providers for adopting meaningful use of EHR technology -Meaningful use: criteria in quality, safety, efficiency, etc. CPU is defined as an electronic circuit that executes computer instructions thin client is a primarily a display,keyboard and mouse or other pointing device. netw is a combination of hardware and software that allows communication and electronic transfer of information between computers. software a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. software is available in the forms of programs and applications. application software a set of programs designed to accomplish a particular task such as word processing, financial management or drawing. data cleansing or scrubbing is a procedure that uses software to improve the quality of data to ensure that is accurate enough for use in data mining and warehousing. it uses technology to reconcile data inconsistencies that arise from different systems as well as duplicate entries in one system. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) A data storage scheme that uses multiple hard drives to share or replicate data among the drives knowledge discovery 'The non trivial extraction of implicit, unknown, an potentially useful information from data. data mining is a technique that uses software to look for hidden patterns and relationships in a large group of data data cleansing or scrubbing is a procedure that uses software to improve the quality of data to ensure that is accurate enough for use in data mining and warehousing. ... Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) streamlines the flow of clinical and financial data from one location to another. Database Administrator (DBA) is responsible for overseeing all activities related to maintaining the database. data management is the process of controlling the collection, storage, retrieval, and use of data to optimize accuracy and utility while safeguarding integrity. nonenclature refers to a system of rules and procedures for adding names used in an art or science,such as nursing. Classification systems that capture categories, which are then used to determine cost or outcomes but are insufficient in detail for clinical documentation purposes. taxonomy which uses classification according to predetermined system, with the resulting catalog used to provide s conceptual framework for discussion, analysis, or information retrieval. data set which refers to a named collection of data consisting of individual information organized in a prescribed fashion. ICD is used for -collection of morbidity and mortality statistics -automated clinical decision support. -assignment of codes to medical diagnoses and procedures associated with hospital utilization in the us. standardized terminologies enable the representation, communication,exchange,reuse and reporting of data, information and knowledge that are key to the development of an EHR and health information exchange. project manager responsible for planning and implementation of informatics, projects, communicate, change management, process analysis, risk assessment, scope definition and team building. this role acts as a liaison among clinicians, management, IS,stakeholders,vendors, and all other interested parties. consultant provides expert advice, opinions, and recommendations based on his or her area of expertise educator develops and implements educational materials and sessions and provides education about the system researcher entails conducting research (especially data mining)to create new informatics and clinical knowledge. product developer participate in the design, production and marketing of new informatics solutions. decision support/ outcomes manager uses tool to maintain data integrity and reliability advocate/policy developer advocating for the pt and healthcare systems and developing the infrastructure of health policy. clinical analyst/ system specialty serve as a link between nursing and information services in healthcare organizations. Entrepreneur combine their passion,skills, and knowledge to develop marketable business ideas by analyzing nursing information needs nursing information needs and developing and marketing solutions. TIGER initiative 3 components 1-basic computer competencies 2-information literacy 3-clinical information management. steps to developing a strategic self improvement plan 1-assess and analyze 2-define and prioritize your goals 3-set milestones 4-take action 5-review your progress meaningful use was developed as an incentive program to assure that EHRSs are use according to standards that achieve quality, safety and efficiency measures. major potential benefits of electronic health information is the ability to engage patients in their care and provide venues to access caregivers virtually, using email and web platforms, providing ease and convenience to the patient. providers that comply with meaninful use requirements qualify for additional reimbursement monies over a period of several years. CDS tools is to leverage data and the scientific evidence to help guide appropriate decision making. CDS tools -computerized alerts and reminders for providers and patients. -drug-to-drug interaction alerts -underdose or overdose alerts based on renal or liver function or age or drug levels. -actionable clinical guidelines -condition-specific order set -focused patient data reports and summaries -diagnostic support -contextually relevant reference information. workflow used to describe the action or execution of a series of tasks in a prescribed sequence. a progression of steps (task,events,interaction) that constitute a work process CDSS tools are designed help sift through enormous amounts of digital datato suggest next steps for treatments, alert providers to available information they may not be seen, or catch potential problems, such as dangerous medication interactions. mHealth defines as the use of wireless communication to support efficiency in public health and clinical practice. Telehealth clinical uses -transmitting images for assessment or diagnosis -transmitting clinical data for assessment, diagnosis or disease management -providing disease prevention and promotion of good health. -using telephonic or video interactive technologies to provide health advice in emergent cases. -using real-time video. Nanotechnology is science, engineering and technology that is conducted at the level of the nanoscale. genomics or personalized medicine targeted to one's specific genetic make-up in an area within our grasp AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT OF 2009 (ARRA) ARRA provided funds to government agencies for improving information-technology systems. ARRA provisions include the right for every person to received an electronic copy of their EHR and to have a copy of EHR transmitted to a party that they designate, and the health information technology for economic and clinical health act (HITECH). Patient proctection and affordable care act (ACA) also known as Obamacare guarantees healthcare for all Americans, expands medicaid provides incentives intended to improve care coordination and quality, restructures healthcare payment, and provides additional information to patients so they can make value-based decisions. The Food and Drug Adminitration (FDA) Oversees the safety of medical devices, which includes addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital network security. Evaluation and Management (E/M Codes) key components that determine risk-based 1-history 2-physical 3-medical decision making (DMD) 3 elements to medical decision making 1-risk 2-data 3-diagnosis