HESI EXAM: GERIATRIC 2023 with complete solutions questions and answers

Heat Application + Heat produces vasodilation= dilation of the blood blood flow to the rest of the body= decreases--result in increased pulse, dizziness, & shortness of breath + Frequency & duration of heat therapy (HCP order) + Hot moist compresses= increase circulation= decrease edema, & consolidate any purulent exudate Cold Application + Produces vasoconstriction= narrowing of blood vessels decreases blood flow to area--blood flow to other organs & tissues increases (reaction--body shivers) + Cold compresses= treat inflammation & prevent edema (clean/sterile)--applied for 20 min. at 59°F analyze Pt. for: erythema, burning sensation, numbness, mottling, extreme paleness, cyanosis (sensation pattern: coldpain reliefburning skin painnumbness) Osteoporosis + Loss of bone density + Assessment: SD= ask complaints of pain that worsens when sitting, standing, coughing, sneezing, & straining OD= Pt. spinal deformity/height loss, increased lordosis, scoliosis, & kyphosis, gait impairment associated w/ inability to maintain erect posture +Diagnostic Tests= CBC: serum calcium, phosphorus, & alkaline phosphate, BUN, creatinine level, urinalysis, liver & thyroid fnx. +Medical Management= calcium supplements (m=1000 mg, w=1500mg) +Nursing Interventions & Pt. Teaching: A diet rich in milk & dairy products Teach Pt. relaxation techniques--stop smoking Safety measures: side rails, bedside commodes w seat elevators, rubber mats in showers (prevent falls) Encourage weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density Decrease caffeine intake *Vitamin D Sleep Patterns •Alzheimer disease •Alcohol •Changes in the body's natural internal clock, causing some people to fall asleep earlier in the evening) •Chronic disease, such as heart failure •Certain medicines, herbs, supplements, and recreational drugs •Depression (depression is a common cause of sleep problems in people of all ages) •Neurological conditions •Not being very active •Pain caused by diseases such as arthritis •Stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine •Frequent urination at night •Avoid large meals shortly before bedtime. •Avoid stimulants such as caffeine after mid-afternoon. •Get regular exercise early in the day. •Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. •DO NOT take naps. Constipation +Loss of muscle tone + (Laxatives last resort) + Consume high-fiber diet NGT Feedings (Interventions) ... Incontinence ... Skin Care & Changes (Prevention of PU) ... Cane Use ... Low Na Diet Breads - Whole grain breads, English muffins, bagels, corn and flour tortillas, most muffins ●Cereals - Many cooked low-salt (read the label to determine sodium content) hot cereals (not instant) such as oatmeal, cream of wheat, rice, or farina, puffed wheat, puffed rice, shredded wheat ●Crackers and snack foods - All unsalted crackers and snack foods, unsalted peanut butter, unsalted nuts or seeds, unsalted popcorn ●Pasta, rice, and potatoes - Any type of pasta (cooked in unsalted water), potatoes, white or brown rice ●Dried peas and beans - Any cooked dried beans or peas (without seasoning packet), or low-salt canned beans and peas ●Meats and protein - Fresh or frozen beef, poultry, and fish; low-sodium canned tuna and salmon; eggs or egg substitutes ●Fruits and vegetables - Any fresh, frozen, or canned fruit, any fresh or frozen vegetables without sauce, canned vegetables without salt, low-salt tomato sauce/paste ●Dairy products - Milk, cream, sour cream, non-dairy creamer, yogurt, lower-sodium cottage and other cheeses (be sure to read labels for serving size) ●Fats and oils - Plant oils (olive, canola, corn, peanut), unsalted butter or margarine ●Soups - Salt-free soups and low-sodium bouillon cubes, unsalted broth, homemade soup without added salt ●Sweets - Gelatin, sherbet, pudding, ice cream (brands vary widely), salt-free baked goods, sugar, honey, jam, jelly, marmalade, syrup ●Beverages - Coffee, tea, soft drinks, fruit-flavored drinks, low-salt tomato juice, any fruit juice Aging of Muscular System ... Signs & Symptoms of Dehydration •dry mouth •the eyes stop making tears •sweating may stop •muscle cramps •nausea and vomiting •heart palpitations •lightheadedness (especially when standing). Shingles Vaccine + Prevents shingles Stages of Grief (DABDA) + Denial + Anger + Bargaining + Denial + Acceptance Sexuality (Geriatrics) + Decreases Erikson's Stages of Development Integrity v. Despair Reminiscing + Reflection of the past Medication--Aricept + Treat (confusion) dementia r/t Alzheimer's disease + May improve memory, awareness, & the ability to fnx. + Enzyme blocker that work by restoring the neurotransmitters in the brain