TEST BANK FOR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING 6TH EDITION BY WILLIAMS

Chapter 02: Concepts of Health, Illness, Stress, and Health Promotion Williams: deWit's Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse is aware that any description of health would include the concept that: a. health is the absence of illness, and illness is the presence of chronic disease. b. culture, education, and socioeconomic status influence one’s definition of health or illness. c. illness is a biological malfunction, and health is biological soundness. d. lifestyle factors are the major determinants of health or illness. ANS: B The concept of health is influenced by culture, education, and socioeconomic factors. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Detection of Disease 2. The nurse takes into consideration that the patient with an admitting diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and influenza is described as having: a. two chronic illnesses. b. two acute illnesses. c. one chronic and one acute illness. d. one acute and one infectious illness. ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM Chronic illnesses can be controlled but not cured, and are long-lasting. Acute illnesses develop suddenly and resolve in a short time. Type 2 diabetes mellitus would be considered chronic, whereas influenza would be considered acute. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Classification of Illnesses KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Detection of Disease 3. The nurse explains that an idiopathic disease is one that: a. is caused by inherited characteristics. b. develops suddenly, related to new viruses. c. results from injury during labor or delivery. d. has an unknown cause. ANS: D Idiopathic disease is defined as disease whose cause is unknown. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Classification of Illnesses KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Detection of Disease 4. The nurse assesses a terminal illness in: a. a 76-year-old admitted to a nursing home with Alzheimer disease who is pacing and asking to go home. DEWITS FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING 5TH EDITION WILLIAMS TEST BANK b. a 43-year-old with Lou Gehrig’s disease who is refusing food and fluid. c. a 2-year-old child who burned her esophagus by drinking drain cleaner and who is being fed by a tube. d. a 52-year-old diagnosed with lung cancer who had part of one lung removed and has a closed chest drainage device in place. ANS: B A terminal illness is defined as one in which a person will live only a few months, weeks, or days. A person who refuses food and hydration will generally not live more than a few days. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Stages of Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 5. The nurse clarifies to a patient who now has an abscess following a ruptured appendix that the abscess is considered to be: a. a secondary illness. b. a life-threatening complication. c. an expected event following any surgery. d. a disorder easily treated with antibiotics. ANS: A A secondary illness is an illness that arises from a primary disorder. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation NURSINGTB.COM 6. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how Dunn’s theory of health and illness can be compared with a: a. plant that grows from a seed, blossoms, wilts, and dies. b. continuum, with peak wellness and death at opposite ends; the person moves back and forth in a dynamic state of change. c. ladder; from birth to death the individual moves progressively downward a ladder to eventual death. d. state of mind dependent on the individual perception of their own health or illness. ANS: B Dunn’s theory of a health continuum shows how an individual moves between peak wellness and death in a constant process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 16 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 7. A patient has been advised by the primary care provider to take medication for high cholesterol and to change eating habits after discharge home. The home health nurse discovered that the patient refused to follow the medical and nutritional directions. The nurse’s best initial response to this situation is to: a. emphasize to the patient how important it is to follow the doctor’s advice. b. determine whether any cultural, socioeconomic, or religious values conflict, thus interfering with the patient’s compliance. DEWITS FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING 5TH EDITION WILLIAMS TEST BANK c. explain that without diet and medication the condition will worsen and serious problems will develop. d. inform the primary care provider that the patient is unable to understand the instructions. ANS: B The patient may have cultural, socioeconomic, or religious values that cause conflicts that prevent her from following the doctor’s instructions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 16 OBJ: Theory #5 TOP: Concepts of Health and Illness, Cultural Influences KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychological Integrity: Coping and Adaptation 8. A nurse practicing a holistic approach to nursing care must: a. recognize that a change in one aspect of the person’s life can alter the whole of that person’s life. b. take responsibility for health care decisions. c. promote state of the art technology. d. discourage the use of more natural remedies and alternative methods of health care. ANS: A Holistic nursing requires that the nurse recognizes that a change in one aspect of the patient’s life (biological, sociological, psychological, and spiritual) will bring about changes in that patient’s whole life. DIF: Cognitive Level: ComprehensNioUnRSINRGETFB:.CpO.M19 OBJ: Theory #6 TOP: Holistic Approach to Caring KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: N/A 9. Included in Maslow’s hierarchy, physiological needs are those that: a. nurture intimacy. b. foster independence. c. encourage social interaction. d. protect from harm. ANS: D Physiological needs are those that are essential to human life, such as oxygenation, nutrition, and elimination. Protection from physical harm, from a nursing standpoint, is often equivalent in importance to physical needs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 20 OBJ: Theory #7 TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 10. The factors involved in assessing the importance the patient attaches to the relief of a particular deficit include: a. needs that the nurse must assess to prioritize care, because they may be different from person to person. b. ordering needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy, with lower level needs being least compelling. DEWITS FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING 5TH EDITION WILLIAMS TEST BANK c. needs based on a hierarchy in which higher level needs are more prominent and demand attention before lower level needs. d. needs that are usually not known to the patient and that must be determined by the nurse. ANS: A A person’s concern relative to a needs deficit must be assessed by the nurse to meet the needs of each patient. Needs are viewed differently from one person to the next. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 20 OBJ: Theory #7 TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 11. The nurse believes that patient teaching of how to give insulin and monitor blood glucose levels will improve the level of the patient’s: a. physiological well-being. b. security, by providing psychological comfort. c. self-esteem, by promoting independence and learning. d. self-actualization, by seeking knowledge and truth. ANS: C Patient education activities that are to be used after discharge enhance independence and promote self-esteem. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 27 OBJ: Theory #7 TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation NURSINGTB.COM 12. Homeostasis can be described as: a. the unchanging steady condition of humans in a changing external environment. b. a tendency of biological systems toward stability of the internal environment by continuously adjusting to survive. c. biological wellness that comes from the ability of the body to change and respond to physical changes in the environment. d. a response to stress that results from a person’s choice of coping mechanisms to deal with the stress. ANS: B Homeostasis results from the constant adjustment of the internal environment in response to change; it is mental, emotional, and biological, as well as conscious and unconscious. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 22 OBJ: Theory #8 TOP: Homeostasis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: N/A 13. A patient admitted for diagnostic tests is frightened of hospital procedures and is nervous about the possible outcome of the tests. She states that her mouth is dry and her heart is pounding. Her blood pressure is 168/78 mm Hg (her usual blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg), pulse is 112 beats/min, and respirations are 22 breaths/min. The nurse will recognize that these signs and symptoms are: a. indicative of serious, acute health problems and should be reported to the primary care provider immediately. b. most likely related to the disease for which the patient is admitted to the hospital.