ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
WORKSHOP
LAB MANUAL
, CONTENTS
SL
N NAME OF EXPERIMENTS
O
INTRODUCTION TO BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
1.
2. TESTANDMEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
RECTIFIERS AND FILTERS
3
4. ZENER REGULATOR
RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER
5.
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR USING OP-AMP.
6.
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING IC 555.
7.
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING BC 107.
8.
,EXPERIMENT NO: 1
Introduction to Basic Electronic Components.
Introduction
In the designing of any electronic circuit, three most important considerations
are:
1. Circuit components like resistors, Capacitors, Transistors and Diodes.
2. Power sources like dc power supplies and signal generators
3. Measurement and analysis instruments like multimeters and Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope (CRO).
This Unit deals with familiarization of basic components like resistors,
Capacitors and diodes, followed by introduction to a few instruments like
multimeter and CRO. At the end a few experiments related with CRO have been
explained.
Basic Components:
, Basic components like capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, light
emitting diode (led) and transistors can be divided into 2 categories: (i) Passive
components like resistors and capacitors and (ii) Active components like diodes
and transistors. The difference between the above two categories is that active
components can generate energy whereas passive components can not generate
energy. In other words active components can increase power of a signal
whereas passive components often cause the power to be lost.
Some components like resistors have their values marked on them
whereas others like transistors do not have any value marking but have a type
number on them. One has to refer to data sheets to get to know the value of the
unmarked component. Besides component values, they are also characterized by
their ratings for e.g. maximum current value that a component can stand without
being burnt out.
Resistors:
Resistors can be of two types: fixed value resistors or variable resistors.
The formula for resistance is given by: R = ρ l / A where ρ is resistivity, l is
length and A is area of cross section. Different value resistors can be
manufactured by changing the length and area of cross section or the material
itself which changes the resistivity. Materials generally used for fabrication of
resistors are nichrome (80 % Ni and 20 % Cr), constant (55% cu and 45 %
Ni ) and Manmganin (85 % Cu and 10 % Mn and < 5 % Ni). Metals are not
used as they have a very high temperature coefficient of resistance. Three
ENGINEERING
WORKSHOP
LAB MANUAL
, CONTENTS
SL
N NAME OF EXPERIMENTS
O
INTRODUCTION TO BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
1.
2. TESTANDMEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
RECTIFIERS AND FILTERS
3
4. ZENER REGULATOR
RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER
5.
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR USING OP-AMP.
6.
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING IC 555.
7.
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING BC 107.
8.
,EXPERIMENT NO: 1
Introduction to Basic Electronic Components.
Introduction
In the designing of any electronic circuit, three most important considerations
are:
1. Circuit components like resistors, Capacitors, Transistors and Diodes.
2. Power sources like dc power supplies and signal generators
3. Measurement and analysis instruments like multimeters and Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope (CRO).
This Unit deals with familiarization of basic components like resistors,
Capacitors and diodes, followed by introduction to a few instruments like
multimeter and CRO. At the end a few experiments related with CRO have been
explained.
Basic Components:
, Basic components like capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, light
emitting diode (led) and transistors can be divided into 2 categories: (i) Passive
components like resistors and capacitors and (ii) Active components like diodes
and transistors. The difference between the above two categories is that active
components can generate energy whereas passive components can not generate
energy. In other words active components can increase power of a signal
whereas passive components often cause the power to be lost.
Some components like resistors have their values marked on them
whereas others like transistors do not have any value marking but have a type
number on them. One has to refer to data sheets to get to know the value of the
unmarked component. Besides component values, they are also characterized by
their ratings for e.g. maximum current value that a component can stand without
being burnt out.
Resistors:
Resistors can be of two types: fixed value resistors or variable resistors.
The formula for resistance is given by: R = ρ l / A where ρ is resistivity, l is
length and A is area of cross section. Different value resistors can be
manufactured by changing the length and area of cross section or the material
itself which changes the resistivity. Materials generally used for fabrication of
resistors are nichrome (80 % Ni and 20 % Cr), constant (55% cu and 45 %
Ni ) and Manmganin (85 % Cu and 10 % Mn and < 5 % Ni). Metals are not
used as they have a very high temperature coefficient of resistance. Three
