IREX 2023 Practice Questions and Answers with complete
solution
List the Errors of the NDB?
Mountain Effect
Interference (co-channel)
Night Effect
Thunderstorm
Coastal Refraction (bends towards the coast)
Height
Aircraft (Quadrantal Error)
Turning
How does an NDB work?
Sends out a Med to Low Frequency wave to create a ground wave. Best over water,
worst over dry sandy country.
Due to med wave (some skywave) these interfere with ground waves. Skywaves reflect
off ionsphere at night.
VHF Wave vs VLF wave propagation?
VHF high energy and travel in straight lines most energy goes through the sky as
skywaves
VLF send most energy into the ground and flows as groundwaves.
Equipment required for IFR - RPT, CHTR or AWK > 5700kg
Any Airspace
2 ADF or
2 VOR or
2 RNAV (TSO145/146) or
1 ADF and 1 VOR plus DME/GPS
Equipment for IFR < 5700Kg
OCTA
1 ADF or
1 VOR or
1 RNAV (TSO 145/146)
CTA
2 Radio Navaids (one must be ADF or VOR) or
1 RNAV (TSO 145/146)
1 VHF or
1 VHF and 1 HF (if outside VHF range)
Flight Instruments required for IFR?
CAO 20.18 Appendix III and IV
What is the 1 in 60 formula?
Angle off TRK = (60 x d) / D
d: dist off trk
D: Dist from station
, When can you use ILS DA?
If PEC known: applied
If PEC not known: add 50ft to DA
What are the requirements of the various sector entries?
Sector is determined by HDG not TRK
Sector 1 - turn onto outbound HDG
Sector 2 - turn onto heading for a TRK 30° from reciprocal
Sector 3 - Trk outbound
Turns at 25°AoB or Rate 1 (whichever is less)
Timing abeam fix or turn is complete (whichever is later)
When cruising below the transition level changing from Area QNH to Local QNH is
made when?
On commencement of descent
Departure requirements from a non-Towered airport (in terms of SAR)
RPT, CHTR or AWK must make contact with ATS on VHF or HF while on the ground.
Otherwise cannot depart unless:
- SARTIME 30min after departure
- radio contact with Rep who has immediate access to telephone until contact with ATS
Private IFR may proceed on broadcast basis.
Alternate requirements with Navaids?
Private or AWK - 1 Navaid (1 Approach)
CHTR or RPT - suufer a failure of one airborne aid and still able to conduct an
instrument approach
1 Aid - two aircraft boxes
2 Aids - one of each
What do you do if the aerodrome has no forecast and no aids?
Alternate unless
Day and ≤4/8 LSALT+500' Vis≥8km
Night with no instrument approach, requires Alternate.
What are the requirements for Night VFR Currency for CHTR operations?
Night VFR CHTR Currency
1 hr or 100nm within 6 months
3 T/O and Landings with 90days
What constitutes a positive fix?
Overhead an NDB, VOR or DME
Position Lines (not less that 45°) within 30nm if both NDBs
IFR: 2hrs
solution
List the Errors of the NDB?
Mountain Effect
Interference (co-channel)
Night Effect
Thunderstorm
Coastal Refraction (bends towards the coast)
Height
Aircraft (Quadrantal Error)
Turning
How does an NDB work?
Sends out a Med to Low Frequency wave to create a ground wave. Best over water,
worst over dry sandy country.
Due to med wave (some skywave) these interfere with ground waves. Skywaves reflect
off ionsphere at night.
VHF Wave vs VLF wave propagation?
VHF high energy and travel in straight lines most energy goes through the sky as
skywaves
VLF send most energy into the ground and flows as groundwaves.
Equipment required for IFR - RPT, CHTR or AWK > 5700kg
Any Airspace
2 ADF or
2 VOR or
2 RNAV (TSO145/146) or
1 ADF and 1 VOR plus DME/GPS
Equipment for IFR < 5700Kg
OCTA
1 ADF or
1 VOR or
1 RNAV (TSO 145/146)
CTA
2 Radio Navaids (one must be ADF or VOR) or
1 RNAV (TSO 145/146)
1 VHF or
1 VHF and 1 HF (if outside VHF range)
Flight Instruments required for IFR?
CAO 20.18 Appendix III and IV
What is the 1 in 60 formula?
Angle off TRK = (60 x d) / D
d: dist off trk
D: Dist from station
, When can you use ILS DA?
If PEC known: applied
If PEC not known: add 50ft to DA
What are the requirements of the various sector entries?
Sector is determined by HDG not TRK
Sector 1 - turn onto outbound HDG
Sector 2 - turn onto heading for a TRK 30° from reciprocal
Sector 3 - Trk outbound
Turns at 25°AoB or Rate 1 (whichever is less)
Timing abeam fix or turn is complete (whichever is later)
When cruising below the transition level changing from Area QNH to Local QNH is
made when?
On commencement of descent
Departure requirements from a non-Towered airport (in terms of SAR)
RPT, CHTR or AWK must make contact with ATS on VHF or HF while on the ground.
Otherwise cannot depart unless:
- SARTIME 30min after departure
- radio contact with Rep who has immediate access to telephone until contact with ATS
Private IFR may proceed on broadcast basis.
Alternate requirements with Navaids?
Private or AWK - 1 Navaid (1 Approach)
CHTR or RPT - suufer a failure of one airborne aid and still able to conduct an
instrument approach
1 Aid - two aircraft boxes
2 Aids - one of each
What do you do if the aerodrome has no forecast and no aids?
Alternate unless
Day and ≤4/8 LSALT+500' Vis≥8km
Night with no instrument approach, requires Alternate.
What are the requirements for Night VFR Currency for CHTR operations?
Night VFR CHTR Currency
1 hr or 100nm within 6 months
3 T/O and Landings with 90days
What constitutes a positive fix?
Overhead an NDB, VOR or DME
Position Lines (not less that 45°) within 30nm if both NDBs
IFR: 2hrs
