NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and Science study guide 2023 with
complete solution
Seasonal changes
moon orbits earth once per month
Yearly Changes
earth orbits around the moon one time per year
physical change
A change in a substance that does not change its identity
chemical change
charastics change in state or phase
transformation of energy examples
Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car),
Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle). Electricity is converted
to light (light bulb) and sound and light (TV).
effects of common forces
accelerate in body is in motion if at rest
conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into
another, but the total amount of energy never changes
nation-state
A country who's population share a common identity.
nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
Fuedalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals where the lords let
them rent land for a price
resource
A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and
technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
Ecology
The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment
Six Elements of Geography
1. The World in Spatial Terms
2. Places and Regions
3. Physical Systems
4. Human Systems
5. Environment and Society
6. The Uses of Geography
Scarcity
Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants
oppertunity cost
, cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been
produced with a recource
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other
branches in order to prevent abuse of power
democratic
ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry
out laws.
Authoritarian
A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power.
Due Process
(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles
Federalism
a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national,
government and the states
seperation of powers
dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches
Declaration of Independence
Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.
U.S. Constitution
A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed.
Major Civil Rights Legislation
ended segregation
consitution of the state of new york
establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates
the basic rights of the citizens of New York
Rule of Law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
Due Process
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.
Female Suffrage
The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s.
jim crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Principles of Art
Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety
string instruments
violin, viola, cello, bass
percussion instruments
instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken
woodwind instruments
flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon
brass instruments
trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba
complete solution
Seasonal changes
moon orbits earth once per month
Yearly Changes
earth orbits around the moon one time per year
physical change
A change in a substance that does not change its identity
chemical change
charastics change in state or phase
transformation of energy examples
Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car),
Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle). Electricity is converted
to light (light bulb) and sound and light (TV).
effects of common forces
accelerate in body is in motion if at rest
conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into
another, but the total amount of energy never changes
nation-state
A country who's population share a common identity.
nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
Fuedalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals where the lords let
them rent land for a price
resource
A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and
technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
Ecology
The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment
Six Elements of Geography
1. The World in Spatial Terms
2. Places and Regions
3. Physical Systems
4. Human Systems
5. Environment and Society
6. The Uses of Geography
Scarcity
Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants
oppertunity cost
, cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been
produced with a recource
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other
branches in order to prevent abuse of power
democratic
ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry
out laws.
Authoritarian
A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power.
Due Process
(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles
Federalism
a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national,
government and the states
seperation of powers
dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches
Declaration of Independence
Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.
U.S. Constitution
A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed.
Major Civil Rights Legislation
ended segregation
consitution of the state of new york
establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates
the basic rights of the citizens of New York
Rule of Law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
Due Process
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.
Female Suffrage
The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s.
jim crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Principles of Art
Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety
string instruments
violin, viola, cello, bass
percussion instruments
instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken
woodwind instruments
flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon
brass instruments
trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba
