Study guide Diagnostics Reasoning with complete solution
clinical reasoning
process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. It
involves application of analysis and evaluation and inference
Sensitivity
The ability of the test to determine who has the disease
Specificity
The ability to identify correctly those who do not have the disease.
Accuracy
refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value. The test the measure
what it was designed to measure; proportion of all tests
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Ultrasound
High frequency sound waves are directed at an internal body structure and a record is
made of the waves pulses as they are reflected back through the tissues.
example of ultrasound
Abdominal, breast, Scrotal, thyroid, vaginal, pelvic
Reasons for performing ultrasound studies
To determine whether a lump or another abnormality is fluid filled cyst or a solid tumor
Reasons for performing ultrasound
To stage a tumor to evaluate pregnancy and placenta status to detect a topic pregnancy
to determine fetal status size and growth to Evaluate disorders of the arteries
Advantages of ultrasounds
There painless, noninvasive requires no I designing radiation and they can be repeated
with no risk, Uses no dye
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated
images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy.
MRI is useful in these following evaluations
Head and surrounding structures, face neck mediastinum heart and great vessels liver
and biliary tree kidney prostate bones and joints breasts extremities soft tissues in the
pancreas
advantage of MRI
Can be preformed on a patient without any health risk it's used to assess the response
of cancer in radio therapy and chemotherapy
Helpful diagnosis is used with MRIs
Helpful and determination of anatomical changes in muscles and joints
Microscopic studies
Use for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases and infectious process
Microbiologic specimens
Sources such as tissues, Organ biopsy, blood, urine, wound drainage, cervical
secretions and sputum
What department is the MRI located in
Radiology
, What department would you send a patient to go for an ultrasound
Radiology
chest x-ray (CXR)
It can indicate so much information about the heart, lungs, bony thorax, mediastinum,
and great vessels
Data from a chest x-ray
Tumors of the lungs, heart, chest wall, and bony thorax, inflammation of the lungs, fluid
in the lungs, and fluid in the heart, air in the lungs, fractures of bones
Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
1. A1C ≥ 6.5%.
OR
2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL.
OR
3. 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
using a 75 g glucose load.
OR
4. When a patient has symptoms of a hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose of
≥ 200 mg/dL.
Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Must have 4 of the 7:
1. Morning stiffness at least 1 hr. x 6 wks
2. Arthritis >3 joints x 6 wks
3. Swelling of hand joints x 6 wks
4. Symmetric joint swelling x 6 wks
5. Rheumatoid nodules
6. Positive rheumatoid factor
7. Radiographic changes
Test for thyroid function
TSH
CT scan (computed tomography)
a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer
into a composite representation of a slice through the body
What is a CBC?
complete blood count
What is a BMP used to assess?
Electrolytes (Na + K), Renal function (BUN + Creat), Glucose
What is a CMP used to assess?
BMP + LFT's (liver function)
What is a CBC used for?
Used to detect anemia and thrombocytopenia
What is a CBC with differential?
clinical reasoning
process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. It
involves application of analysis and evaluation and inference
Sensitivity
The ability of the test to determine who has the disease
Specificity
The ability to identify correctly those who do not have the disease.
Accuracy
refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value. The test the measure
what it was designed to measure; proportion of all tests
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Ultrasound
High frequency sound waves are directed at an internal body structure and a record is
made of the waves pulses as they are reflected back through the tissues.
example of ultrasound
Abdominal, breast, Scrotal, thyroid, vaginal, pelvic
Reasons for performing ultrasound studies
To determine whether a lump or another abnormality is fluid filled cyst or a solid tumor
Reasons for performing ultrasound
To stage a tumor to evaluate pregnancy and placenta status to detect a topic pregnancy
to determine fetal status size and growth to Evaluate disorders of the arteries
Advantages of ultrasounds
There painless, noninvasive requires no I designing radiation and they can be repeated
with no risk, Uses no dye
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated
images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy.
MRI is useful in these following evaluations
Head and surrounding structures, face neck mediastinum heart and great vessels liver
and biliary tree kidney prostate bones and joints breasts extremities soft tissues in the
pancreas
advantage of MRI
Can be preformed on a patient without any health risk it's used to assess the response
of cancer in radio therapy and chemotherapy
Helpful diagnosis is used with MRIs
Helpful and determination of anatomical changes in muscles and joints
Microscopic studies
Use for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases and infectious process
Microbiologic specimens
Sources such as tissues, Organ biopsy, blood, urine, wound drainage, cervical
secretions and sputum
What department is the MRI located in
Radiology
, What department would you send a patient to go for an ultrasound
Radiology
chest x-ray (CXR)
It can indicate so much information about the heart, lungs, bony thorax, mediastinum,
and great vessels
Data from a chest x-ray
Tumors of the lungs, heart, chest wall, and bony thorax, inflammation of the lungs, fluid
in the lungs, and fluid in the heart, air in the lungs, fractures of bones
Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
1. A1C ≥ 6.5%.
OR
2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL.
OR
3. 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
using a 75 g glucose load.
OR
4. When a patient has symptoms of a hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose of
≥ 200 mg/dL.
Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Must have 4 of the 7:
1. Morning stiffness at least 1 hr. x 6 wks
2. Arthritis >3 joints x 6 wks
3. Swelling of hand joints x 6 wks
4. Symmetric joint swelling x 6 wks
5. Rheumatoid nodules
6. Positive rheumatoid factor
7. Radiographic changes
Test for thyroid function
TSH
CT scan (computed tomography)
a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer
into a composite representation of a slice through the body
What is a CBC?
complete blood count
What is a BMP used to assess?
Electrolytes (Na + K), Renal function (BUN + Creat), Glucose
What is a CMP used to assess?
BMP + LFT's (liver function)
What is a CBC used for?
Used to detect anemia and thrombocytopenia
What is a CBC with differential?
