NYSTCE English Language Arts (003) Test Guide 2023
with complete solution
Epic poems
a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures
Epistolary Poetry
written and read as letters
Ballads
songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, romance, death and
religion
Elegies
poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation
Odes
Poems that express strong emotions about life, evolved from songs
Epigrams/ limericks
Known for humor and wit
Sonnet
a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English
typically having ten syllables per line.
novel of manners
a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social
group
Sentimental love novels
originated in romanticism
epistolary novel
a novel in letter form written by one or more of the characters
Bildungsroman Novel
German coming of age stories. Youth's struggles with identity and life's meaning
(Catcher in theRye, Lord of the Flies)
Roman a' clef
Require real life frame of reference for full understanding (key). Disguises truth too
dangerous for author to state directly (Animal Farm, Nun's Priest Tale: Canterbury
Tales)
Realism
Addresses ethical issues
Satire
the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's
stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical
issues. (Alexander Pope's "Rape of Lock," John Swift's "A Modest Proposal"
Used to depict lower-class characters speech in dramas
Colloquial Prose
Used to depict upper-class characters speech in dramas
Stylized verse
Example of a play within a play
Hamlet
, Shakespeare borrowed themes and characters from which author
Christopher Marlowe (Merchant of Venice- Jew of Malta)
Comedy
light and humorous drama with a happy ending
3 types of dramatic comedy
Farce, romantic comedy, satirical comedy
Farce
A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness,
although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. Highly improbable events
romantic comedy
a type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties
from which they are rescued at the end of the play, either attaining their ends or having
their good fortunes restored. (Much Ado About Nothing- Shakespeare)
Satirical Comedy and Black Comedy
generally mock and lampoon human foolishness and vices; make main characters
either fool, morally corrupt, cynical in attitude. characters display foible- cuckolded
spouses, dupes, other gullible types. Examples Volpone-Ben Jonson, The Birds-
Aristophanes,
When extended to extremes it is black comedy, comedic occurrences are grotesque or
terrible
Tradgedy
A serious drama in which the hero is brought to defeat by a character flaw/personal
action
Aristotle's criteria for tragedy in drama
1. Anagnorisis - tragic insight or recognition
2. Hamartia - tragic flaw or tragic error
3. Hubris - pride, violent transgression, arrogant overstepping of moral bounds
4. Nemesis - "retribution" represents cosmic punishment or payback
5. peripeteia - "turning" plot reversal from safe to endangered
Anagnorisis
Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity
Hamartia
a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
Hubris
excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
Nemesis
Punishment or payback the tragic hero recieves
Peripeteia
reversal of fortune "turning"
Hegel's theory of tragedy
dynamic conflict of opposite forces or rights
revenge tragedy
Wrongdoer has not been punished (Titus Andronicus, Hamlet)
Hamlet's tragic flaw
with complete solution
Epic poems
a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures
Epistolary Poetry
written and read as letters
Ballads
songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, romance, death and
religion
Elegies
poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation
Odes
Poems that express strong emotions about life, evolved from songs
Epigrams/ limericks
Known for humor and wit
Sonnet
a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English
typically having ten syllables per line.
novel of manners
a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social
group
Sentimental love novels
originated in romanticism
epistolary novel
a novel in letter form written by one or more of the characters
Bildungsroman Novel
German coming of age stories. Youth's struggles with identity and life's meaning
(Catcher in theRye, Lord of the Flies)
Roman a' clef
Require real life frame of reference for full understanding (key). Disguises truth too
dangerous for author to state directly (Animal Farm, Nun's Priest Tale: Canterbury
Tales)
Realism
Addresses ethical issues
Satire
the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's
stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical
issues. (Alexander Pope's "Rape of Lock," John Swift's "A Modest Proposal"
Used to depict lower-class characters speech in dramas
Colloquial Prose
Used to depict upper-class characters speech in dramas
Stylized verse
Example of a play within a play
Hamlet
, Shakespeare borrowed themes and characters from which author
Christopher Marlowe (Merchant of Venice- Jew of Malta)
Comedy
light and humorous drama with a happy ending
3 types of dramatic comedy
Farce, romantic comedy, satirical comedy
Farce
A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness,
although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. Highly improbable events
romantic comedy
a type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties
from which they are rescued at the end of the play, either attaining their ends or having
their good fortunes restored. (Much Ado About Nothing- Shakespeare)
Satirical Comedy and Black Comedy
generally mock and lampoon human foolishness and vices; make main characters
either fool, morally corrupt, cynical in attitude. characters display foible- cuckolded
spouses, dupes, other gullible types. Examples Volpone-Ben Jonson, The Birds-
Aristophanes,
When extended to extremes it is black comedy, comedic occurrences are grotesque or
terrible
Tradgedy
A serious drama in which the hero is brought to defeat by a character flaw/personal
action
Aristotle's criteria for tragedy in drama
1. Anagnorisis - tragic insight or recognition
2. Hamartia - tragic flaw or tragic error
3. Hubris - pride, violent transgression, arrogant overstepping of moral bounds
4. Nemesis - "retribution" represents cosmic punishment or payback
5. peripeteia - "turning" plot reversal from safe to endangered
Anagnorisis
Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity
Hamartia
a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
Hubris
excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
Nemesis
Punishment or payback the tragic hero recieves
Peripeteia
reversal of fortune "turning"
Hegel's theory of tragedy
dynamic conflict of opposite forces or rights
revenge tragedy
Wrongdoer has not been punished (Titus Andronicus, Hamlet)
Hamlet's tragic flaw
