NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. Ans- False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Ans- false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells
Ans- True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Ans- True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease Ans- sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated Ans- reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Ans- validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test Ans- specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Ans- it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: Proteins carry out the functions
of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: Controls the transport of materials
from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
,3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: They are found far from the site of
energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Ans- pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of? Ans-
signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Ans- If negative, it can safely be assumed that the
person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? Ans- Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Ans- Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been
diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One example is
the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Ans- In dry gangrene the affected tissue
becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of
dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and
under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. Ans- necrosis is cell
death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this would be
luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the
cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn Ans- radiation injury
, obesity Ans- nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species Ans- free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues Ans- hypoxic cell injury
fractures Ans- physical agents
OTC drugs Ans- Chemical injury
hypothermia Ans- physical agents
radiation treatment Ans- radiation injury
lead toxicity Ans- chemical injury
bacteria Ans- biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each. Ans-
Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries found
in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which means one
layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. Ans- False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Ans- false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells
Ans- True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Ans- True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease Ans- sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated Ans- reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Ans- validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test Ans- specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Ans- it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: Proteins carry out the functions
of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: Controls the transport of materials
from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
,3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Ans- 1: They are found far from the site of
energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Ans- pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of? Ans-
signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Ans- If negative, it can safely be assumed that the
person does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? Ans- Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Ans- Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been
diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One example is
the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Ans- In dry gangrene the affected tissue
becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of
dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and
under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial
action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. Ans- necrosis is cell
death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this would be
luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the
cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn Ans- radiation injury
, obesity Ans- nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species Ans- free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues Ans- hypoxic cell injury
fractures Ans- physical agents
OTC drugs Ans- Chemical injury
hypothermia Ans- physical agents
radiation treatment Ans- radiation injury
lead toxicity Ans- chemical injury
bacteria Ans- biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each. Ans-
Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries found
in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which means one
layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
