Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks 2023 verified questions and answers

Application Layer Interacts with application programs that incorporate a communication component such as your internet browser and email. Bus Topology The computers share the media (coaxial cable) for data transmission. Cable Modem A modem that can use the high bandwidth of a cable television system to deliver high-speed data from the service provider. CAT6 (Category 6) Twisted-pair cables capable of carrying up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit) of data up to a length of 100 meters. Crossover Transmit and receive signal pairs are crossed to properly align the transmit signal on one device with the receive signal on the other device. CSMA/CD Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection is the Ethernet LAN media-accessed method. Data Link Layer Layer of the OSI model reference model that handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing. Deterministic Access to the network is provided at fixed time intervals. Ethernet, Physical, Hardware, or Adapter Address Other names for the MAC address. Firewall Protection Used to prevent unauthorized access to your network. Host Address Same as host number. Host Number The portion of the IP address that defines the location of the networking device connected to the network; also called the host address. Hotspots A limited geographical area that provides a wireless access for the public. Hub Broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected to its ports. IANA The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority is the agency that assigns IP addresses to computer networks. ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, one of the major standard-setting bodies of technology development. Intranet An internal network that provides file and resource sharing but is not accessed from the internet. IP Address Unique 32-bit address that identifies on which network the computer is located as well as differentiates the computer from all other devices on the same network. IP Internetwork A network that uses IP addressing for identifying devices connected to the network. ipconfig/all Enables the MAC address information to be displayed from the command prompt. ISP Internet Service Provider. Link Integrity Test Protocol used to verify that a communication link between two Ethernet devices has been established. Link Light Indicates that the transmit and receive pairs are properly aligned. Link Pulses Sent by each of the connected devices via the twisted-pair cables when data is not being transmitted to indicate that the link is still up. Local Area Network (LAN) Network of users that share computer resources in a limited area. MAC Address A unique 6-byte address assigned by the vendor of the network interface card. Mbps Megabits per second. Mesh Topology All networking devices are directly connected to each other. Multiport Repeater Another name for a hub. Network Address Translation (NAT) Translates the private IP address to a public address for routing to the internet. Network Interface Card (NIC) The electronic hardware used to interface the computer or the network. Network Layer Accepts outgoing messages and combines messages or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information. Network Number The portion of the IP address which defines which network the IP packet is originating from or being delivered to. Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) The first 3 bytes of the MAC address that identifies the manufacturer of the network hardware. OSI Open System Interconnect. OSI Model The seven layers of describing network functions. Overloading Where NAT translates the home network's private IP addresses to a single public IP address. Packet Provides grouping of the information for transmission. Physical Layer Layer of the OSI reference model that provides the electrical and mechanical connection to the network. Describes the media that interconnects networking devices. Ping Command used to test that a device on the network is reachable. Ports The physical input/output interfaces of the networking hardware. Presentation Layer Layer of the OSI reference model that accepts and structures the messages for the application. Private Address IP addresses set aside for use in private intranets. Protocol Set of rules established for users to exchange information. Range Extender Device that relays the wireless signals from an access point or wireless router into areas with a weak signal or no signal at all. RJ-45 The 8-pin modular connector used with CAT6/5e/5 cable. Service Set Identifier (SSID) Name that is used to identify your wireless network and is used by your access point or wireless router to establish and association. Session Layer Layer of the OSI reference model that provides the control functions necessary to establish, maintain, and terminate the connections. SSID Service Set Identifier Star Topology The most common networking topology in today's LAN where all networking devices connect to a central switch or hub. Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) Type of firewall that inspects incoming data packets to make sure they correspond to an outgoing request. Switch Forwards a frame it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the protocol suite used for internetworks such as the internet. ThinNet A type of coaxial cable used to connect LANs configured with a bus topology. Token Passing A technique where an electrical token circulates around a network-control of the token enables the user to gain access to the network. Token Ring Hub A hub that manages the passing of the token in a Token Ring Network. Token Ring Topology A network topology configured in a logical ring that complements the token passing protocol. Topology Architecture of a network. Transport Layer Layer of the OSI reference model that is concerned with message integrity between source and destination. Uplink Port Allows the connection of a hub or a switch to another hub or switch without having to use a crossover cable. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Establishes a secure network connection and is a way to protect your LAN's data from being observed by outsiders. VPN Virtual Private Network. Wired Network Uses cables and connectors to establish the network connection. Wireless Network Uses radio signals to establish the network connection. Wireless Router Device used to interconnect wireless networking devices and to give access to wired devices and establish the broadband Internet connection to the ISP.